• ba是什么的缩写 > 循环系统疾病患者的护理
  • 循环系统疾病患者的护理

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    1 试题的章节及内容 题型 试题难度 教学要求 试题题干 答案
    2 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 长期卧床的心力衰竭病人,其水肿最易出现的部位:     A.胫前                                                                                           B.踝部                                                                                                C.腹部                                                                                       D.腰骶部                                                                                     E.眼险                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 D
    3 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 由于心排血量突然下降而出现的晕厥称为:                                   A.心脏骤停                                                                              B.病窦综合征                                                                          C.阿一斯综合征                                                                         D.倾倒综合征                                                                             E.脑卒中 C
    4 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 下列有关循环系统的调节的叙述哪项不妥:                      A.循环系统的神经调节有两组, 即交感神经和副交感神经B.β受体兴奋可使心肌收缩力增加                                                 C.副交感神经兴奋可使心率下降                                           D.儿茶酚胺可加速心率                                                          E.钾离子可起到加强心肌收缩力的作用 E
    5 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 哪项属于心源性呼吸困难的护理措施:                                        A.加强皮肤护理,预防褥疮                                                  B.夜间睡眠时保持半卧位                                                             C.准确测量尿量和体重                                                                         D.加强心电监护 
    E.饮食中限制蛋白质摄入量                                               
    B
    6 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 心源性呼吸困难不包括下列哪一项:                                                A.劳力性呼吸困难                                                                     B.夜间阵发性呼吸困难                                                            C.端坐呼吸                                                                              D.吸气性呼吸困难                                                                         E.呼吸频率和节律的改变                                  D
    7 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 心源性水肿常先发生于何部位:                                           A. 眼睑                                                                                       B. 颈部                                                                                           C. 背骶部                                                                                        D. 踝部                                                                                          E.上胸部 D
    8 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 心源性呼吸困难不包括下列哪项:                                                   A. 劳力性呼吸困难 
    B. 呼吸频率和节律的改变 
    C. 端坐呼吸 
    D. 阵发性夜间呼吸困难 
    E. 吸气性呼吸困难
    E
    9 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 阵发性夜间呼吸困难,主要表现有:                             A、夜间突感胸闷气急                                                                                                                                     B、被迫坐起,惊恐不安                                                                                                                                   C、轻者数分钟减轻、消失                                                                                                                                  D、重者可见端坐呼吸、面色发绀、大汗等                                                                                                                                       E、以上都                                       E
    10 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 心源性哮喘常见于:                                                                         A、 冠心病                                                                                                                                                      B、 高血压心脏病                                                                                                                                                       C、 心肌炎                                                                                                                                                       D、风湿性心脏病                                                                                                                                                        E、 以上都对的                                                                         E
    11 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 护理心衰病人下列哪项措施不能减轻心脏前负荷:          A.控制输液量                                                                                   B.半卧位                                                                                                                    C.低盐饮食                                                                                                  D.吸氧                                                                                                  E.两腿下垂 D
    12 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 应用血管扩张剂主要应观察:                                                             A.血压的改变                                                                                                             B.心率的改变                                                                                            C.神志的改变                                                                                            D.呼吸的改变                                                                                                   E.尿量的改变 A
    13 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 心力衰竭病人的饮食,下列哪项不妥:                                               A.低盐                                                                                                    B.高热量                                                                                                          C.富含维生素                                                                                        D.适量纤维素                                                                                            E.少量多餐 B
    14 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 心功能不全失代偿期,病人常取:                                                     A.侧卧位                                                                                                B.端坐位                                                                                            C.仰卧位                                                                                          D.被动体位                                                                                     E.蜷屈卧位 B
    15 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.7 掌握 右心功能不全病人一般无下列哪项表现:                                   A.呼吸困难                                                                                           B.肝区疼痛                                                                                        C.恶心、呕吐                                                                                       D.水肿                                                                                          E.少尿 A
    16 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.7 掌握 心功能的评估依据:                                                                         A.病程长短                                                                                             B.活动耐力                                                                                       C.有无并发症                                                                                    D.心脏体征                                                                                                              E.辅助检查资料 B
    17 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.9 掌握 急性左心衰发生时, 病人需采取的体位:                                               A.平卧位                                                              B.头高脚低位                                                   C.头高脚高位                                               D.半卧位                                                                                 E.坐位, 两腿下垂 E
    18 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 病人体力活动明显受限, 轻于日常的活动, 即可引起乏力、心悸、呼吸困难 , 说明此时病人心功能处于:                     A.I 级                                                            B.Ⅱ级                                                        C.Ⅲ级                                                         D.Ⅳ级                                                         E. 无法确定 C
    19 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.9 掌握 左心衰竭的典型表现:                                                                       A.紫绀                                                                                                         B.水肿                                                                                                     C.心悸                                                                                                    D.呼吸困难                                                                                             E.胸痛 D
    20 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 易发生洋地黄中毒的原因下列哪项不准确左心衰竭的典型表现:                                                                                                     A.洋地黄治疗量与中毒量很接近                                                           B.当心肌严重受损时                                                                             C.低血钾或严重缺氧时                                                                      D.在肝、肾功能下降时 
    E.机体代谢率明显增高时
    E
    21 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.7 掌握 某心脏病人,休息时无呼吸困难及水肿,日常生活时感心悸、气促,其活动量安排应:                                                                      A.日常生活照常                                                                                      B.稍事活动,增加睡眠                                                                            C.卧床休息,限制活动量                                                                        D.严格卧床休息                                                                                     E.半卧位,派人照顾日常生活 B
    22 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.7 掌握 左心衰竭的早期脉搏表现:                                                            A. 脉搏短绌 
    B. 缓脉 
    C. 奇脉 
    D. 交替脉 
    E. 水冲脉
    D
    23 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.7 掌握 下列药物,主要降低心脏前负荷的血管扩张剂为:                  A. 多巴酚丁胺 
    B. 卡托普利 
    C. 哌唑嗪 
    D. 酚妥拉明 
    E. 硝酸甘油
    E
    24 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 心力衰竭患者长期服用噻嗪类利尿剂,最易发生的副作用:                                                                                               A. 低钙血症 
    B. 低血糖 
    C. 高镁血症 
    D. 低钾血症 
    E. 高尿酸血症
    D
    25 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 不需停用洋地黄药物的情况为:                                                      A.恶心、呕吐                                                                               B.心率70次/分                                                                             C.室性早搏二联律 
    D.视力模糊                                                                                   E.黄视
    B
    26 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.9 掌握 急性肺水肿的特异性表现:                                                       A.大汗淋漓                                                                                   B.烦躁                                                                                            C.端坐呼吸 
    D.发绀                                                                                                E .咯粉红色泡沫痰
    E
    27 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 血管扩张剂治疗心功能不全的主要作用机制:                               A.减慢心率                                                                                         B.增强心肌收缩力                                                                                C.减轻心脏负荷 
    D.抑制心脏传导                                                                       E.减少心律失常的发生        
    C
    28 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.9 掌握 导致心力衰竭最常见的诱发因素为:                                                      A.过度疲劳                                                                                       B.摄入盐过多                                                                                        C.感染  
    D.心律失常                                                                                     E.洋地黄应用不当
    C
    29 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 使心脏后负荷增加的因素:                                                   A.回心血量增加                                                                              B.二尖瓣狭窄                                                                                    C.高血压  
    D.肺淤血                                                                                         E.主动脉瓣关闭不全
    C
    30 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 能判定心功能不全的心脏体征:                                             A.心界扩大                                                                                      B.心前区震颤                                                                                 C.心脏杂音强弱  
    D.心率与心律                                                                                   E.舒张期奔马律
    E
    31 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.9 掌握 护士给病人应用地高辛前应首先评估:                                     A.一分钟心率                                                                                   B.24小时尿量                                                                                        C.心电图变化  
    D.心功能状况                                                                                   E.水肿程度答案  
    A
    32 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.9 掌握 洋地黄中毒的严重表现:                                                              A.恶心呕吐                                                                                                B.食欲不振                                                                                C.眩晕 
    D.色视                                                                                             E.心律失常
    E
    33 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 鼓励长期卧床的心衰病人在床上活动下肢,其主要目的:                                                                                                        A.防止肌肉萎缩                                                                                B.预防压疮                                                                                     C.减少回心血量 
    D.防止下肢静脉血栓形成                                                                             E.保持和维护活动耐力
    D
    34 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.9 掌握 对有可能发生夜间阵发性呼吸困难的病人,最重要的措施:                                                                                                     A.告知病人呼叫方法                                                                       B.加强夜间巡视                                                                            C.睡前吸氧 
    D.给予镇静剂                                                                                E.置病人于半卧位休息
    E
    35 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 急性肺水肿病人,酒精湿化吸氧的目的:                                 A.减少呼吸道分泌物                                                                     B.促进肺血液循环,改善通气                 
    C.扩张支气管,改善通气                                                              D.降低肺泡内泡沫的表面张力                     
    E.有利于清除呼吸道内的分泌物                          
    D
    36 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 心衰诱发因素中一般哪项最常见:                                              A.心律失常                                                                                                                                                    B.过劳或情绪激动                                                                                                                                                        C.感染                                                                                                                                                      D.摄取纳过多或补液过量 
    E.严重贫血或大出血
    C
    37 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 左心衰一般不出现哪项体征:                                                           A.心浊音界扩大                                                                                                                                                      B.第一心音减弱                                                                                                                                                       C.颈静脉怒张                                                                                                                                                       D.舒张期奔马律                                                                                                                                                       E.双肺底湿罗音 C
    38 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 左心功能不全的最早症状:                                               A.发绀                                                                                                                                                      B.肺水肿                                                                                                                                                      C.出汗                                                                                                                                                      D.呼吸困难                                                                                                                                                     E.双肺湿罗音 D
    39 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 洋地黄中毒引起最常见的心律失常为:                                       A.房室传导阻滞                                                                                                                                                        B.室上性阵发性心动过速                                                                                                                                                        C.室性早博                                                                                                                                                        D.房颤                                                                                                                                                        E.以上都不是 C
    40 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 左心功能不全患者出现呼吸困难的主要原因:              A.体循环淤血                                                B.肺淤血                                                       C.隔肌活动障碍                                                 D.肺活量减低                                                          E.气体交换障碍 A
    41 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 心律失常病人最常见的表现:                                                                     A.胸痛                                                                                                     B.呼吸困难                                                                                                 C.心悸                                                                                                    D.晕厥                                                                                      E.低血压 C
    42 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 不符合心房颤动的心电图特征:                                                       A.窦性P波消失                                                                                       B.代之形态不一的f波                                                                          C.R-R间隔相等                                                                             D.QRS波群形态正常                                                                         E.QRS波群频率100-160次/min C
    43 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 随时有猝死危险的心律失常:                                                         A.室上性阵发性心动过速                                                                    B.室性阵发性心动过速                                                                        C.窦性心律不齐                                                                                 D.室性早搏                                                                                      E.心房颤动 B
    44 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.7 掌握 心房扑动的病人主要应观察:  
    A.大F波的频率                                                                                          B.房室传导比例                                                                                           C.脉率                                                                                                   D.血压                                                                                                      E.心率
    B
    45 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 出现于风湿性心脏病病人的心律失常中,最多见的类型:                                                                                                                       A.心房扑动                                                                                        B.房室传导阻滞                                                                                C.室上性阵发性心动过速                                                                  D.心房颤动                                                                                     E.室速 D
    46 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 指出下列哪种心律失常临床最常见的:                                             A.阵发性心动过速                                                                                   B.过早搏动                                                                                                          C.房颤                                                                                                     D.室颤                                                                                                   E.房室传导阻滞 B
    47 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 下列哪项不能诱发窦性心动过速:                                           A. 发热 
    B. 缺氧 
    C. 高血钾 
    D. 失血性贫血 
    E.  频繁腹泻
    C
    48 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.9 掌握 诊断心律失常最有效的方法:                                                                 A. 心电图                                                                                              B.超声心动图     
    C.心尖搏动图                                                                                          D.多普勒超声检查      
    E.心向量图
    A
    49 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 脉律整齐的心律失常:                                                              A.心房颤动                                                                                       B.二度I型房室传导阻滞 
    C.阵发性室上性心动过速                                                      D.房室交界性期前收缩                                                      E.以上都不是
    C
    50 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 哪项心律失常处理时可应用兴奋迷走神经的方法:                       A.频发室性期前收缩                                        B.阵发性室上性心动过速 
    C.阵发性室性心动过速                                   D.心室颤动 
    E.心房颤动
    B
    51 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.7 掌握 心房颤动最常发生于:                                                                  A.冠状动脉硬化性心脏病                                                              B.二尖瓣狭窄 
    C.高血压性心脏病                                                                         D.甲状腺机能亢进 
    E.扩张型心肌病
    B
    52 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.7 掌握 最常见的期前收缩:                                                                             A.房性期前收缩                                                                                    B.房室交界性期前收缩. 
    C.室性期前收缩                                                                                    D.期前收缩呈二联律 
    E.多源性室性期前收缩
    C
    53 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 可出现脉搏短绌的心律失常:                                                     A.阵发性心动过速                                                                              B.期前收缩  
    C.第一度房室传导阻滞                                                                  D.心房颤动 
    E. 心房扑动
    D
    54 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 窦性P波的心电图特征P波在:                                  A.aVR导联倒置,Ⅰ导联直立 
    B.aVR导联倒置,Ⅱ导联直立 
    C.aVR导联倒置,Ⅲ导联直立 
    D.aVR导联倒置,aVL导联直立 
    E.aVR导联倒置,aVF导联直立
    B
    55 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 终止阵发性室上性心动过速的首选措施:                          A.刺激咽部引起呕吐反射                                                                  B.静脉注射乙胺碘呋酮  
    C.口服普罗帕酮                                                                                  D.静脉注射普奈洛尔  
    E.同步直流电复律    
    A
    56 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.9 掌握 窦性心动过速心率每分钟:                                                           A.60~100次                                                                                                                                                        B.101~160次                                                                                                                                                        C.100-180次                                                                                                                                                        D.180次以上                                                                                                                                                        E.260~340次 B
    57 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.7 掌握 治疗窦性心动过速最好的药物:                                                   A.洋地黄                                                                                                                                                        B.奎尼丁                                                                                                                                                        C.利多卡因                                                                                                                                                        D.胺碘酮                                                                                                                                                        E.心得安 D
    58 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.7 掌握 房颤最常发生于:                                                                              A.冠心病                                                                                                                                                        B.高心病                                                                                                                                                        C.甲心病                                                                                                                                                        D.缩窄性心包炎                                                                                                                                                        E.风心病二尖瓣狭窄 E
    59 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 治疗快速心房颤动,使心室率减慢应首先:                                   A.利得卡因                                                                                                                                                        B.大仑丁                                                                                                                                                        C.普鲁卡因酰胺                                                                                                                                                        D.洋地黄                                                                                                                                                        E.奎尼丁 D
    60 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 室性早博治疗首选药:                                                       A、安定                                                                                                                                                        B、大仑丁                                                                                                                                                        C、阿托品                                                                                                                                                        D、异博定                                                                                                                                                        E、利多卡因 E
    61 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 卡托普利(巯甲丙脯酸)治疗高血压的作用机理:               A.血管扩张药                                                                                         B.钙离子阻滞剂                                                                                    C.肾上腺素受体阻滞剂                                                                        D.抑制转换酶, 减少血管紧张素Ⅱ的产生 
    E.交感神经抑制剂
    D
    62 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 长期血压增高容易引起哪项脏器的并发症出现:                               A.心、肝、肾                                                                                           B.心、脑、肾                                                                                      C.心、脑、肺                                                                                        D.脑、肾、肝                                                                                                E. 肝、肾、肺 B
    63 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.9 掌握 原发性高血压与继发性高血压的主要区别之处在于:                      A.病因是否明确                                                                                           B.年龄是否大于40岁                                                                                     C.收缩压是否大于21.3kPa(160mmHg)                                                              D.是否伴发心、脑、肾损害 
    E.病程进展是否迅速
    A
    64 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 高血压脑病指:                                                                          A. 脑栓塞 
    B. 脑血栓形成 
    C. 脑血管破裂 
    D. 过高的血压导致脑灌注过多,出现脑水肿 
    E. 高压过高引起黑朦,头疼
    D
    65 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 护理高血压的患者,下列哪项措施不正确:                                    A. 协助用药尽快将血压降至较低水平 
    B. 改变体位动作宜缓慢 
    C. 沐浴时水温不宜过高 
    D. 头晕,恶心时协助其平卧并抬高下肢 
    E. 保持大便通畅
    A
    66 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 关于高血压危象的叙述,下列哪项不正确:                                A. 主要由于脑部血管痉挛而致 
    B. 收缩压可达35kPa 
    C. 舒张压≥16kPa 
    D. 可见于急进型高血压 
    E. 可有高血压脑病的表现
    A
    67 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 对原发性高血压患者作健康指导,不正确的:                       A.宜低盐、低脂、低胆固醇、低热量饮食 
    B.一级高血压应注意休息,避免过劳 
    C.缓解期适当运动,控制体重 
    D.血压高时服药,不高时不用服药 
    E.每日定时测血压
    D
    68 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 原发性高血压最常见的死亡原因:                                            A.心律失常                                                                                    B.尿毒症                                                                                         C.脑血管意外 
    D.心力衰竭                                                                                                  E.高血压危象
    D
    69 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 原发性高血压最严重的并发症:                                                    A.脑出血                                                                                       B.充血性心力衰竭                                                                                            C.肾功能衰竭 
    D.冠心病                                                                                           E.糖尿病
    A
    70 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.9 掌握 血压正常值:                                                                                    A.收缩压<18.6 kPa (140 mmHg)且舒张 <12 kPa (90mmHg)   
    B.收缩压= 18.6 kPa (140mmHg)且舒张= 12 kPa (90mmHg)  
    C.收缩压< 160 mmHg且舒张压< 95mmHg  
    D.收缩压=160 mmHg且舒张压=95mmHg 
    E.收缩压<12kPa(90mmHg)且舒张压<8 kPa(60 mmHg)
    A
    71 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.9 掌握 心绞痛发作时首要的护理措施:                                                     A.吸氧                                                                                                           B.建立静脉通路                                                                                        C.观察疼痛的部位和性质                                                                    D.让病人立即安静坐下或半卧                                                         E.立即描记心电图 D
    72 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 典型心绞痛患者含用硝酸甘油后疼痛缓解时间多在:                    A.几秒钟内                                                                                           B.l~5分钟内                                                                                    C.10~15 分钟内                                                                                D.20分钟左右                                                                                    E.30分钟以上 B
    73 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 典型心肌梗塞与典型心绞痛患者在症状上的最大区别:A.疼痛的性质                                                                                         B.疼痛的持续时间                                                                               C.疼痛的部位                                                                                            D.疼痛的放射部位                                                                                        E.伴随症状 B
    74 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 急性前壁心梗病人常出现的心律失常:                                A.房室传导阻滞                                                                                         B.室性心律失常, 如室早                                                          C.房颤                                                      D.完全性左束支传导阻滞                                        E.房早 B
    75 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 关于血清心肌酶含量变化及性质的论述中,不正确的:A. 肌酸磷酸肌酶在起病6小时内升高,18—24小时达高峰,3—4日恢复正常 
    B. 谷一草转氨酶在起病6—12小时后升高,24-48小时达高峰,3-6日降至正常 
    C. 乳酸脱氢酶有起病8—10小时后升高,2—3日达到高峰,1—2周恢复正常 
    D. CPK的同工酶CPK—MB和LDH的同工酶LDH1诊断的特异性最高 
    E.   CPK—MB起病后24小时内增高,3-4日达高峰,1—2周恢复正常
    E
    76 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.7 掌握 下列哪项不是急性心肌梗塞的并发症:                                       A. 心脏破裂 
    B. 脑栓塞 
    C. 心室膨胀瘤 
    D. 乳头肌功能失调 
    E. 脑出血
    E
    77 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.7 掌握 提示心肌细胞坏死的心电图表现:                                              A.异常宽而深的Q波                                                                        B.ST段呈弓背向上型抬高                                                                       C.P-R间期延长                                                                                                         D.T波倒置                                                                                             E.ST段压低 A
    78 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 急性心肌梗塞时,升高最早,恢复最快的血清酶:A.LDH                                                                                                           B.GOT                                                                                                   C.CPK                                                                                                          D.GPT                                                                                                    E.r-GT C
    79 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 应用硝酸甘油来缓解心绞痛,正确的护理:                                     A. 药物用温开水送服 
    B. 药物置口中,立即咽下 
    C. 舌下含化时,因药物被唾液溶解使吸收减少 
    D  含药时宜取平卧位,以防低血压 
    E.  观察头昏,血压偏高表现
    D
    80 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.9 掌握 心绞痛发作的典型部位在:                                                    A. 心尖部 
    B. 心前区 
    C. 剑突附近 
    D. 胸骨体中上段之后 
    E.胸骨体中下段之后
    D
    81 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 急性心梗患者突然出现明显呼吸困难, 两肺满布湿啰音,HR100次/分, 律齐, 此时首先应考虑的诊断:                        A.肺部感染                                                                        B.肺梗塞                                                                       C.急性左心衰                                                                 D.心脏破裂                                                     E.室壁瘤形成 C
    82 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 某患者诊断为下壁心肌梗塞,则该患者易发生哪种类型的心律失常:                                                                                                          A.心动过速                                                                                                   B.室性早搏                                                                                                     C.房室传导阻滞                                                                                          D.室上性心动过速                                                                                           E.室性心动过速 C
    83 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 对急性心肌梗塞病人,急诊护士所采取的护理措施哪项不正确:                                                                                                             A.立即通知医师                                                                                     B. 氧气吸入                                                                                                      C.安置病人静心休息                                                                                           D.更换汗湿衣服 
    E.描记心电图
    D
    84 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 急性心肌梗塞患者入院第一周,下列哪项护理不当:                  A. 安抚病人紧张的情绪 
    B. 不能在床上做肢体活动 
    C. 可搬入普通病房 
    D. 协助洗漱,床上排便 
    E. 可进半流质饮食
    C
    85 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 急性心肌梗塞患者的护理措施中,下列哪项不正确:               A. 饮食少量多餐 
    B. 尽量避免搬动 
    C. 第一周内限制探望 
    D. 静脉输液速度宜慢 
    E. 如有便秘立即灌肠
    A
    86 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 心绞痛胸痛特点不包括:                                                                                   A.疼痛位于胸骨后                                                                              B.一般持续数分钟 
    C.常有明显诱因                                                                                    D.呈针刺样疼痛                                                                            E.休息后可缓解
    D
    87 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 急性心肌梗死病人吸氧的目的:                                                                    A.改善心肌缺氧,减轻疼痛                                                               B.预防心源性休克 
    C.减少心律失常                                                                                       D.防止心力衰竭                                                                                                 E.促进坏死组织吸收
    A
    88 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 鼓励急性心肌梗死病人,自第二周开始在床上作四肢轻微活动为了:                                                                                               A.预防褥疮                                                                                            B.增加消化功能                                                                                C.避免肌肉萎缩 
    D.防止血栓形成                                                                             E.促进心功能恢复
    D
    89 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 冠心病最常见的病因:                                                                    A.重度主动脉瓣病变                                                                                        B.冠状动脉栓塞 
    C.冠状动脉粥样硬化                                                                       D.肥厚型心肌病                                                                               E.冠脉痉挛
    C
    90 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 急性心肌梗塞患者发生休克的主要原因:                                             A.心律失常                                                                                    B.剧烈疼痛 
    C.心脏前负荷加重                                                                           D.心脏后负荷加重 
    E.左心室输出量下降
    E
    91 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 急性心肌梗塞24小时内应禁用的药物:                                                        A.速尿                                                                                                      B.利多卡因                                                                                                                                     C.硝酸甘油 
    D.洋地黄                                                                                    E.尿激酶
    D
    92 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 哪种药物特别适用于急性心肌梗塞伴心力衰竭的患者:   A.多巴胺                                                                                                     B.地高辛                                                                                                      C.西地兰 
    D.多巴酚丁胺                                                                                E.尼可刹米    
    D
    93 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.9 掌握 急性心肌梗塞患者发生便秘时,首先采取的措施:                                       A.用温热的肥皂水低压灌肠                                                                B.给缓泻剂 
    C.给硫酸镁口服导泻                                                                            D.给新斯的明肌注 
    E.协助患者床上排便
    B
    94 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 下列哪一种心肌梗死的典型心电图异常:                                       A.病理性Q波                                                                                           B.ST段升高                                                                                            C.T波例置 
    D.高耸状T波                                                                              E.上述所有都
    E
    95 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.9 掌握 急性心肌梗死患者应绝对卧床休息至少达:                                           A.24h                                                                                                             B.48h                                                                                                   C.1周 
    D.2周                                                                                           E.3~5周
    C
    96 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 应用硝酸甘油缓解心绞痛,正确的护理:                                     A.药物用温开水送服                                                                                                           B.药物置口中,立即咽下 
    C.舌下含化,药物被唾液溶解使吸收减少 
    D.含药时宜平卧以防低血压                                                       E.观察头昏,血压偏高表现
    D
    97 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 对冠状动脉狭窄性病变的诊断具有确诊价值的检查:A.心电图                                                                                                 B.超声心动图                                                                                       C.胸部x线 
    D.冠状动脉造影                                                                       E.血清心肌酶
    E
    98 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 急性心肌梗死患者的护理措施中,下列哪项不正确:                                                A.饮食少量多餐                                                                              B.尽量避免搬动 
    C.第一周内限制探望                                                               D.静脉输液速度宜慢 
    E.如有便秘立即灌肠
    E
    99 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 心绞痛发作时首要的护理措施:                                                     A.吸氧                                                                                                           B.建立静脉通路                                                                                      C.静坐或半卧 
    D.观察疼痛性质                                                                                  E.描记心电图                                                                 
    C
    100 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.9 掌握 心梗病人最早出现和最突出的症状:                                           A、剧烈而持久的胸骨后疼痛                                                                                                                                                        B、心源性休克                                                                                                                                                        C、心衰                                                                                                                                                        D、胃肠反应                                                                                                                                                        E、发热 A
    101 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.9 掌握 心绞痛部位可出现在:                                                                     A、胸骨后                                                                                                                                                       B、心前区                                                                                                                                                        C、左肩                                                                                                                                                        D、左颈                                                                                                                                                       E、以上都可以 E
    102 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.7 掌握 风湿性心脏病二间瓣狭窄病人的早期表现,下列哪项不符合:                                                                                                                A.心悸                                                                                                         B.咯血                                                                                                                                   C.水肿                                                                                                                                          D.咳嗽                                                                                                      E.气促 E
    103 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 二尖瓣狭窄病人出现右心衰后其咯血可:                                                     A.次数增加                                                                                                      B.每次咯血量增加                                                                                      C.次数减少                                                                                                   D.量和次数不变                                                                                                   E.咯血症状消失 C
    104 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.7 掌握 风湿性心脏病患者并发哪种心律失常时,易引起栓塞:                                  A. 窦性心动过缓                                                                                         B.窦性心动过速                                                                                         C.心房颤动                                                                                                   D.过早搏动                                                                                    E.三度房室传导阻滞 C
    105 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 预防风湿性心瓣膜病的关键措施:                                                    A.长期服用抗风湿药物                                                                                    B.积极防治链球菌感染                                                                        C. 卧床休息,防止复发 
    D.加强营养,避免过劳                                                                        E.居室要防寒避湿
    B
    106 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 风湿热的发病与哪种致病菌关系密切:                                                        A.草绿色链球菌                                                                                                        B.A族溶血性链球菌                                                                                           C.葡萄球菌                                                                                                                                D.病毒                                                                                            E.支原体 B
    107 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.7 掌握 二尖瓣狭窄病人最易出现的心律失常:                                                          A.室早                                                                                                                       B.室性阵发性心动过速                                                                                          C.房颤                                                                                                                        D.预激综合征                                                                                        E.二度Ⅱ型房室传导阻滞 C
    108 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 诊断二尖瓣狭窄最可靠的辅助检查方法:                                                  A.超声心动图                                                                                                                              B.心电图                                                                                                                                 C.心音图                                                                                                             D.胸部X线                                                                                            E.心导管检查 A
    109 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.7 掌握 风湿性心脏瓣膜病房颤患者, 若发生栓塞, 最多见的部位:                                                                 A.肺动脉                                                                B.肺静脉                                                               C.脑动脉                                                                D.下肢动脉                                                  E.下肢静脉 C
    110 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 预防风湿性心瓣膜病的根本措施:                                                        A.长期服用抗风湿药物                                                                                   B.积极防治链球菌感染 
    C.防止复发,卧床休息                                                                     D.增加营养,避免过劳 
    E.居室要防寒避湿
    B
    111 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 风湿性心瓣膜病最常受累的瓣膜为:                                                    A.二尖瓣                                                                                                    B.三尖瓣                                                                                                     C.主动脉瓣 
    D.肺动脉瓣                                                                                 E.A和B
    A
    112 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 二尖瓣狭窄最重要的体征:                                                                       A.二尖瓣开放拍击音                                                               B.肺动脉瓣区第二音亢进 
    C.心尖部第一心音亢进                                                                                        D.心尖部舒张期隆隆样杂音 
    E.二尖瓣面容
    D
    113 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.7 掌握 风湿性心瓣膜病最常见的并发症:                                                A.心力衰竭                                                                                                B.心律失常                                                                                                 C.栓塞 
    D.呼吸道感染                                                                                     E.感染性心内膜炎
    A
    114 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.7 掌握 风湿性心瓣膜病发生心律失常时,最多见的:                                  A.期前收缩                                                                                                    B.房室传导阻滞                                                                                       C.心房颤动 
    D.阵发性室上性心动过速                                                             E.窦性心动过速
    C
    115 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 二尖瓣狭窄病人最先发生的心腔肥大:                                               A.左心房                                                                                                     B.左心室                                                                                                     C.右心房 
    D.右心室                                                                                        E.左心房+右心室
    A
    116 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 心房颤动病人,左心房血栓脱落最容易栓塞于:                                        A.脑                                                                                                          B.四肢                                                                                                  C.脾 
    D.肾                                                                                          E.肺
    A
    117 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.7 掌握 导致风湿性心瓣膜病病人死亡的主要原因:                                         A.心力衰竭                                                                                              B.心律失常                                                                                                 C.栓塞 
    D.呼吸道感染                                                                                E.感染性心内膜炎
    A
    118 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.6 熟悉 二狭患者出现右心衰时,哪项表现反映减轻:                             A.紫绀的程度                                                                                                                                                       B.颈静脉怒张                                                                                                                                                       C.水肿的程度                                                                                                                                                       D.肺淤血程度                                                                                                                                                      E.肝脏肿大程度 D
    119 循环系统 单选(A1) 0.8 掌握 非同步电复律造用于哪种心律失常:                                                                            A.频发室早                                                                                                  B.阵发性室速                                                                                                  C.房颤                                                                                                              D.室颤                                                                                                  E.三度房室传导阻滞 D
    120 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.6 熟悉 下列心脏疾病中宜采用洋地黄类药物治疗的:                       A. 预激综合征合并心房颤动 
    B. 二度或高度房室传导阻滞 
    C. 病态窦房结综合征 
    D. 单纯舒张性心力衰竭伴流出道梗阻 
    E. 伴有心房颤动而心室率快速的重度收缩性心力衰竭
    E
    121 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.6 熟悉 男性,56岁,突然心悸,气促,咯粉红色泡沫痰,血压26/12kpa(195/90mmHg)心率136次/分,你应首先备好下列哪组药物:                                                        A. 西地兰,硝酸甘油,异丙肾上腺素 
    B.硝普钠,西地兰,速尿 
    C. 毒毛旋花子素K,硝普钠,心得安 
    D.胍乙啶,酚妥拉明,西地兰 
    E.硝酸甘油,西地兰,多巴胺
    B
    122 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.6 熟悉 男性,56岁,突然心悸、气促,咯粉红色泡沫痰。血压26/12 kPa(195/90mmHg),心率136次/min。你应首先备好下列哪组药物:                                                                                           A.西地兰,硝酸甘油,异丙肾上腺素                                                                 B.硝普钠,西地兰,速尿    
    C.毒毛花苷K,硝普钠,心得安                                                  D.胍乙啶,酚妥拉明,西地兰 
    E.硝酸甘油,西地兰,多巴胺
    B
    123 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.7 掌握 马女士,有风心病史。因心源性水肿给予双克口服治疗,特别应注意预防:                                                                                      A.低钾血症                                                                                                   B.高钠血症                                                                                                   C.低钠血症 
    D.高钾血症                                                                                       E.低镁血症      
    A
    124 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.7 掌握 急性心肌梗塞伴发室性早搏的患者, 应首选何种药物控制室早:                                                                        A.心得安                                                              B.美西律(慢心律)                                                    C.地高辛                                                                 D.利多卡因                                                 E.异搏定(维拉帕米) D
    125 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.8 掌握 当护士发现病人发生室颤时, 需首先采取的行动:                       A.吸氧                                                                B.开放静脉                                                          C.电除颤                                                              D.气管插管                                                          E.颈动脉按摩                                        C
    126 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.6 熟悉 如发现室性阵发性心动过速,应首选                                         A. 采用同步直流电复律 
    B. 肌肉或静脉注射阿托品0.5—1mg 
    C. 口服美西律15mg、普鲁卡因胺250—500mg或妥卡尼600mg 
    D. 静脉注射利多卡因50—100mg 
    E. 应用洋地黄类、维拉帕米
    D
    127 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.7 掌握 男性,33岁,突然心悸,检查心律规则,心率180次/分,未听到杂音,压迫颈动脉窦后心率突降到76次/分,你推断此病人可能:                                       A.窦性心动过速 
    B.阵发性室上性心动过速 
    C.阵发性室性心动过速 
    D.阵发性快速房颤 
    E.阵发性快速房扑
    B
    128 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.9 掌握 某心脏病病人出现心悸,心率每分钟30~40次,律齐,首选的措施:                                                                  A.加强巡视                                                                              B.心电监护 
    C.安慰病人                                                D.立即报告医生 
    E.做好生活护理
    D
    129 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.6 熟悉 一位急性心肌梗死病人心电监护时,护士发现 一提前出现的宽大畸形QRS波群,T波与QRS波主波方向相反。你认为此提前出现的QRS波群最可能:                                    A.正常心电图                                                                          B.房性期前收缩     
    C.房室交界性期前收缩                                                       D.室性期前收缩 
    E.多源性室性期前收缩
    D
    130 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.7 掌握 患者刘某,男,诊断为阵发性室上性心动过速,遵医嘱给予乙胺碘呋酮。下列哪项不是该药的副作用:                                    A.心动过缓                                                                                                      B.恶心                                                                                                 C.低血压                     
    D. 房室传导阻滞                                                                         E. 嗜睡 、眩晕 
    E
    131 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.7 掌握 孔女土, 20岁,因心电图示多源频发室性期前收缩入院治疗。下列哪项措施不正确:                                              A.24小时心电监护                                                     B.卧床休息                                                                                                  C.利多卡因静滴 
    D.自己外出买生活用品                                    E.做好生活护理                 
    D
    132 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.7 掌握 男性,35岁,近半年来血压升高较快,伴心悸,多汗、头痛、烦躁等,上周出现视力模相征象,来诊,查体:血压35/17KPa,心率180次/分,心浊音界向左下扩大,该患者可能:                                                                                A. 高血压Ⅰ级 
    B. 高血压Ⅱ级 
    C.高血压Ⅲ级 
    D.高血压危象 
    E.高血压脑病
    D
    133 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.8 掌握 62岁的王女士患2级高血压,下列哪项不宜向她建议:                                                        A.增加饮食中的镁                                                                                      B.戒烟                                                                                               C.长期卧床 
    D.少饮酒                                                                                E.低钠盐饮食
    C
    134 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.8 掌握 G先生在三次不同的约定门诊,其血压在142/92~150/96mmHg之间。护士应预约他下次来门诊在:                                  A.2个月后                                                                                                   B.1个月后                                                                                         C.1周后 
    D.6个月后                                                                                  E.一年后
    C
    135 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.7 掌握 某人头晕、头痛就医,经体检发现BPl60/100mmHg,诊为原发性高血压,给硝苯地平口服。二天后BP138/80mmHg,头晕头痛消失,但有颜面潮红及双下肢踝上轻度水肿、何故:                                                                             A.药物过敏                                                                                                   B.药物不良反应                                                                                  C.合并颜面皮疹 
    D.右心衰                                                                                                   E.下肢静脉炎    
     
    136  循环系统 单选(A2) 0.8 掌握 男性,60岁,急性前壁心肌梗塞4 小时后出现左心功能不全表现,临床上为了较正确地评价左心功能状态,以便指导治疗的最佳措施:                                    A. 心电图 
    B. 测肘静脉压 
    C. 漂浮导管监测 
    D. 胸部X线片 
    E. 超声心动图
    C
    137 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.6 熟悉 男牲,52岁,既往有冠心病史一年,近三日腹泻,呕吐,尿少 ,烦躁不安,血压10.6/7.9KPa(80/90mmHg),心率100次/分, PCWP为6mmHg,最恰当治疗:               A.静滴硝普钠 
    B.静注西地兰 
    C.静滴去甲基肾上腺素 
    D.静滴低分子右旋糖杆 
    E.静注异搏定
     
    138  循环系统 单选(A2) 0.6 熟悉 男性,52岁,既往有冠心病史一年,近三日腹泻,呕吐,尿少 ,烦躁不安,血压10.6/7.9KPa(80/90mmHg),心率100次/分, PCWP为6mmHg最恰当治疗:                A.静滴硝普钠 
    B.静注西地兰 
    C.静滴去甲基肾上腺素 
    D.静滴低分子右旋糖苷 
    E.静注异搏定
    D
    139 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.8 掌握 70岁男性,突然胸骨后压榨牲疼痛4小时,并向左肩放射,伴多汗,恐惧,下列哪项检查对确立初步诊断最有价值:                                                          A. 放射性核素检查 
    B. 胸部X线检查 
    C. 胸部CT 
    D. 心电图 
    E. 超声心动图
    D
    140 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.7 掌握 男性,52岁,慢性支气管炎病史20年,劳力性心悸,呼吸困难两年,近日发生肺部感染,昨晚突然呼吸困难,坐起,咳大量粉红色泡沫痰,查体:口唇发绀,心尖区触及震颤,听诊心尖区闻舒张期隆隆样杂音,第一心音增强,两肺布满哮鸣音和湿性罗音,则该病人应考虑为:                  A.二尖瓣关闭不全伴肺部感染 
    B.二尖瓣关闭不全伴心力衰竭 
    C.二尖瓣狭窄伴肺部感染 
    D.二尖瓣狭窄伴急性左心功能衰竭 
    E.二尖瓣狭窄伴急性肺水肿
    E
    141 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.8 掌握 女性,65岁,冠心病患者,有过心绞痛病史,病情较稳定,近半月来心绞痛频繁发作,每日发作3-4次且发作时间延长,休息也不能缓解,心电图示:V3~6ST水平型压低1mm,T波倒置,发作停止后ST段即恢复,心肌酶谱仍在正常范围,应考虑为:                                  A.稳定型心绞痛                                            B.恶化型心绞痛 
    C.变异型心绞痛                                   D.急性心肌梗塞 
    E.中间综合征
    B
    142 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.7 掌握 男,58岁,突然胸骨后剧痛5小时,伴心悸,气短,心电图示V1-V5 ST段呈弓背向上抬高,伴频发室性早博,立即进行:                                               A.半卧位  
    B.肌注吗啡  
    C.静注速尿  
    D.静滴利多卡困 
    E.静硝酸甘油
    D
    143 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.8 掌握 男性,60岁,急性前壁心肌梗塞4小时后出现左心功能不全表现,临床上为了较正确地评价左心功能状态,以便指导治疗的最佳措施:                                                                                                 A.心电图                                                                                                   B.测肘静脉压                                                                              C.漂浮导管监测 
    D.胸部x线片                                                                                E.超声心动图
    C
    144 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.9 掌握 魏先生,50岁,突发心前区剧烈疼痛,伴大汗,恶心,来医院急诊,心电图示急性广泛前壁心肌梗塞,该患者入院一周内不应:                                                                           A.24小时心电监护 
    B.在床上活动四肢,以防发生静脉血栓 
    C.绝对卧床休息,限制探视 
    D.避免搬动  
    E.协助翻身、进食、排便
    B
    145 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.9 掌握 某急性心肌梗死患者发病48h后,要求到厕所大便,你应该:                                                                                 A.嘱家人陪往 
    B.肛塞开塞露后,再允许前往 
    C.先给予缓泻剂,再允许前往 
    D.如无便秘史,应允许前往 
    E.坚持制止,指导床上使用便盆
    E
    146 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.9 掌握 某病人70岁,有冠心病史,可疑直肠癌,准备进行直肠指检,采用何种体位为宜:                                                   A.仰卧位                                                                              B.蹲位                                                                                 C.侧卧位 
    D.截石位                                                  E.俯卧位
    C
    147 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.9 掌握 某患者突然出现胸骨后压榨性疼痛,并向左肩及左臂内侧放射,服用硝酸甘油后迅速缓解提示:                                                         A.心绞痛                                                                                                      B.心肌梗塞                                                                                                     C.肺梗塞                                                                                                                           D.心肌炎                                                                                              E.自发性气胸 A
    148 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.6 熟悉 女性,25岁,因心悸,气短二年,突然咯血2小时来诊,查体:BP:19.9/11.9KP(150/90mmHg),心率96次/分,律不齐,心尖部可闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音,肺动脉二音亢进,双肺底可闻及湿罗音,你应首先备好何种药物:                             A.西地兰                                                      B.速尿静注 
    C.垂体后时素静注                                             D.止血敏静注 
    E.阿托品皮下注射
    A
    149 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.7 掌握 某病人护理体检发现皮肤苍白,有水冲脉,颈动脉搏动明显,毛细血管搏动征阳性,脉压增大,心尖向左下移位,主动脉瓣第二听诊区有舒张期杂音。此病人可能患有:          A.主动脉瓣狭窄 
    B.二尖瓣狭窄 
    C.主动脉瓣关闭不全 
    D.二尖瓣关闭不全                                                                  E.甲状腺功能亢进
    C
    150 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.7 掌握 女性,30岁,风湿性心瓣膜病6年。今晨突感右侧肢体活动不便不能下床,口角歪斜,应考虑:                                   A.脑出血                                                           B.脑栓塞                                                            C.脑血栓形成 
    D.脑肿瘤                                                   E.蛛网膜下腔出血
    B
    151 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.7 掌握 女性,28岁,风湿性心瓣膜病5年。近3个月来每当稍快步行或梳洗时即感心悸、气促,该病人目前的心功能状况为:                                                                       A.一级                                                                        B.二级                                                                C.三级 
    D.四级                                                     E.五级
    C
    152 循环系统 单选(A2) 0.6 熟悉 女性,25岁,发现风湿性心瓣膜病2年。近一周持续发热,体温38℃左右,贫血貌,听诊心脏杂音明显,应考虑:                                                                                     A.上呼吸道感染                                                         B.风湿活动                                                             C.白血病 
    D.原发病表现                                              E.感染性心内膜炎
    E
    153 循环系统 单选(A3) 0.6 熟悉 35岁,女性,风湿性心脏病心力衰竭患者,应用洋地黄和利尿剂后,出现恶心、呕吐,心电图示室性早搏呈二联律或三联律。                                                                                                       (1)你首先应采取以下哪项护理措施:                         A. 卧床休息,给氧 
    B. 补充钾、钠盐 
    C. 加用血管扩张剂 
    D. 立即停用洋地黄 
    E. 静脉注射高渗葡萄糖液                                  (2)其次应注意补充:                                             A. 硫酸镁 
    B. 钾盐及苯妥英钠 
    C. 氯化钙 
    D. 碘剂 
    E. 高渗葡萄糖                                           (3)该病人的饮食护理下列哪项不妥:                              A. 低盐 
    B. 富含维生素 
    C. 适量纤维素 
    D. 高热量 
    E. 少量、多餐
    (1)D(2)B.  (3)D
    154 循环系统 单选(A3) 0.6 熟悉 张某,女,70岁,因支气管哮喘急性发作入院治疗,经静脉输入药物2天后病情缓解。今输液1小时后,病人突然面色苍白、呼吸困难、气促、咳嗽加重、咯血性泡沫样痰。(1)你考虑病人: 
    A.哮喘再次发作                                                                               B.循环负荷过重                                                                                 C.输液浓度过高 
    D.静脉空气栓塞                                                                                   E.对药物过敏 
    (2)你应立即给病人安置的体位: 
    A.平卧位                                                                                                   B.左侧卧位                                                                                        C.头高足低位 
    D.端坐位                                                                                                       E.休克卧位                                                                                                   (3)处理措施中下述哪项不妥: 
    A.停止输液                                                                                                      B.氧气吸人                                                                                          C.给予缩血管药物 
    D.可使用镇静剂                                                                            E.必要时四肢轮扎                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
    (1)B(2)D(3)C
    155 循环系统 单选(A3) 0.6 熟悉 女性,32岁,风心病患者。每当上楼或做家务等日常活动时感气促、心慌、胸闷,休息后很快缓解,阅读、进餐时无不适。                                                                                                    (1)请问该病人的心功能评估为: 
    A.一级                                                                                                          B.二级                                                                                                  C.三级 
    D.四级                                                                                             E.五级                                                                                                            (2)应如何安排病人的休息:                                                                                              A.活动如常,不必限制                                                                     B.限制活动,增加卧床时间                                                                          
    C.能起床活动,但要增加休息                                                     D.增加活动,改善心功能                                                                 E.绝对卧床休息                                                                              
    (1)B(2)D
    156 循环系统 单选(A3) 0.6 熟悉 28岁,男性,自诉突然心慌,胸闷,听诊心率200次/分,心律齐,心音均等,血压正常。                                     (1)你考虑患者最大的可能:                                                                                   A. 窦性心动过速 
    B. 室上性心动过速 
    C. 室性心动过速 
    D. 房颤 
    E. 室颤                                                            (2)若该患者病情发作持续时间较久,病史尚不清楚,你采取何种较简便有效的措施: 
    A. 刺激呕吐反射或嘱屏气 
    B. 静脉推注西地兰 
    C. 静脉推注新福林 
    D. 静脉推注利多卡因 
    E. 口服阿托品                                                
    (3)若用心电示波监护该病人时,荧光屏上突然出现完全不规则的波浪状曲线,且QRS波与T波消失。你考虑下列哪项不妥:                                                            A. 病人发生危及生命的心律失常 
    B. 可于心内注射利多卡因 
    C. 可施行同步电除颤 
    D. 可施行非同步电除颤                                        E. 立即做胸外心脏按压和口对口人工呼吸
    (1)B(2)A(3)C
    157 循环系统 单选(A3) 0.6 熟悉 心率150次/分,心电图提示QRS时限>0.12秒,R-R间期不绝对相等,刺激迷走神经时心率无变化,                           (1)你首先考虑下面哪一种心律失常:                                                                                  A. 室上性心动过速 
    B. 室性心动过速 
    C. 房颤 
    D. 窦性心动过速 
    E. 心房扑动                                                   (2)应首选下列何种药物治疗:                                                 A. 奎尼丁 
    B. 苯妥英钠 
    C. 洋地黄 
    D. 利多卡因 
    E. 胺碘酮                                                     (3)在用药过程中,应注意观察病人有无:                              A. 白细胞减少、牙龈增生、共济失调 
    B. 心动过缓、低血压、房室传导阻止、甲状腺功能 
    C. 兴奋、嗜睡、眩晕、抽搐、 
    D. 心脏毒性、耳鸣失听、血小板减少、皮疹 
    E. 室性早搏呈联律、房室传导阻止、眩晕、色视 
    (4)护理人员应首先备好下列哪种急救设备:                         A. 漂浮导管 
    B. 心脏起搏器 
    C. 体外反搏器 
    D. 除颤器 
    E. 心电图机 
     
     
    (1)B(2)D(3)C
    158 循环系统 单选(A3) 0.6 熟悉 患者王太太,52岁,感心悸、胸闷、乏力3天而入院,既往患有风湿性心脏病。心电图检查分析:①P波消失,代之以间隔不均匀、振幅不等、形状不同的f 波,频率450次/min;②QRS波群间隔绝对不规则,心室率120次/min;③QRS波形态正常。王太太可能发生哪种心律失常:A.心房扑动                                                                          B.心室扑动 
    C.心房颤动                                                D.心室颤动   
    E. 以上都不是 
    在护理措施中,不恰当的是:                                                  A.卧床休息                                                              B.左侧卧位 
    C.氧气吸入                                                 D.给予清淡、易消化的饮食 
    E.观察用药后的疗效和不良反应
    (1)C(2)B
    159 循环系统 单选(A3) 0.6 熟悉 女性,30岁,有心脏病史6年,近来感心悸,胸闷来医院就诊,听诊发现心率100次/分,心律不齐,第一心音强弱不等,心尖部有3/6级舒张期隆隆样杂音。                       (1)该患者通过听诊即可确诊为:                                      A.房性过早搏动  
    B.室性过早搏动  
    C.交界性性过早搏动 
    D.心房颤动 
    E.心室颤动                                         (2)为了进一步确诊心律失常的性质,首选的检查是:                     A.心电图检查 
    B.超声心动图检查 
    C.胸片 
    D.放射性核素检查 
    E.嘱病人身体前倾听诊 
    (3)该杂音的传导情况如何: 
    A.向心尖部传导  
    B.向颈部传导 
    C.向左腋下传导 
    D.不传导 
    E.局限于心尖部
    (1)D(2)A(3)E
    160 循环系统 单选(A3) 0.6 熟悉 周某,35岁,体检中发现收缩压在21.3kPa(160mmHg),连续监测一周,血压始终搏动在此数值之上。                                                                                                                        (1)病人血压符合下列哪一诊断: 
    A.异常血压                                                                                                B.临界高血压                                                                                C.临时高血压 
    D.高血压                                                                                                      E.偶尔高血压      
    (2)有关测量血压的描述哪项不对:                                               A.测量血压前病人休息10分钟                                                                        B.病人取坐位或卧位 
    C.测量时使肱动脉与心脏在同一水平 
    D.袖带松紧适当 
    E.充气后以每秒5kPa的速度放气
    (1)D(2)E
    161 循环系统 单选(A3) 0.6 熟悉 男性,68岁,午餐时进食鲜肉水饺约半斤,不久即感上腹不适、胸闷、大汗,心前区压迫样疼痛,来院急诊。                (1)下列哪项不属于急性心肌梗塞的临床表现:                  A. 舌下含化硝酸甘油后疼痛消失 
    B. 面色苍白, 烦躁不安 
    C. Bp10.7/6.8kPa 
    D. 端坐呼吸,紫绀 
    E. 上腹胀,呃逆                                                (2)下列哪项不属于急性心肌梗塞的特征性心电图表现: 
    A. S-T段弓背向上样抬高 
    B. S-T段弓背向下样抬高 
    C. T波倒置 
    D. T波平坦 
    E. 病理性Q波 
    (3)对上述病人,急诊护士所采取的不正确的护理措施是: 
    A. 立即通知医师 
    B. 更换汗湿衣服 
    C. 安置病人静心休息 
    D. 氧气吸入 
    E. 描记心电图
    (1)A(2)B (3)B
    162 循环系统 单选(A3) 0.6 熟悉 男性,65岁,突然出现原因不明的上腹痛,恶心、呕吐、血压下降。                                               (1)应首先考虑可能发生:                                 A. 急性胃肠炎 
    B. 食物中毒 
    C. 胃癌 
    D. 急性心肌梗塞 
    E. 急性胰腺炎 
    (2)护理上述病例,对下列哪项措施应提出质疑: 
    A. 监测血压 
    B. 监测心电图 
    C. 拍X光胸片 
    D. 抽血送检 
    E. 查血、尿、便常规 
    (3)护理上述病例,首要的护理措施是: 
    A. 吸氧 
    B. 监测生命体征 
    C. 建立静脉通路 
    D. 绝对卧床休息 
    E. 心理护理
    (1)D(2)C(3)D
    163 循环系统 单选(A3) 0.6 熟悉 某患者心电图提示Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联有典型的心肌梗塞波形并偶发室性早搏,若该患者诊断为下壁心肌梗塞,                                       (1)则该患者易发生哪种类型的心律失常:                                                                           A. 窦性心动过速 
    B. 室性早搏 
    C. 房室传导阻滞 
    D. 室上性心动过速 
    E.室性心动过速 
    (2)若病人发病3天后来院检查,此时下列哪项化验检查可能正常: 
    A. ESR 
    B. CPK 
    C. LDH 
    D. GOT 
    E. WBC 
    (3)该病人的入院医嘱为以下各项,护士首先应完成的是: 
    A. 描记心电图 
    B. 肌注哌替啶 
    C. 胸部X线检查 
    D. 抽血标本送检 
    E. 静脉滴注尿激酶
    (1)C(2)B (3)B
    164 循环系统 单选(A3) 0.6 熟悉 男,58岁,突然胸骨后剧痛5小时,伴心悸,气短,心电图示V1-V5 的S-T段呈弓背向上抬高。                                             (1)你考虑病人可能是:                                                                     A. 隐匿型冠心病 
    B. 心绞痛型冠心病 
    C. 心肌梗塞型冠心病 
    D. 心力衰竭 
    E. 心律失常 
    (2)一旦该病人出现室性心律失常,应立即采取: 
    A. 静脉注射西地兰 
    B. 肌注吗啡 
    C. 静脉点滴异丙肾上腺素 
    D. 静脉点滴利多卡困 
    E. 静脉点滴硝酸甘油 
    (3)此类病人常用氯化钾1.5g、普通胰岛素8U加入10%葡萄糖液500ml中静脉滴注的目的是: 
    A. 增加心肌收缩力 
    B. 增加心肌营养 
    C. 增加心肌兴奋性 
    D. 改善心肌缺血 
    E. 减少心律失常
    (1)C(2)D(3)E
    165 循环系统 单选(A3) 0.6 熟悉 男性,65岁,突然出现原因不明的上腹痛,恶心、呕吐、血压下降应                                           (1)首先考虑可能发生:                                                  A.急性胃扬炎                                                                B.食物中毒                                                    C.胃癌 
    D.急性心肌梗死                                            E.急性胰腺炎 
    (2)护理上述病例,下列哪项措施不须要:                           A.监测血压                                                                  B.监测心电图                                             C.拍X光胸片 
    D.抽血查心肌酶                                         E.查血、尿、便常规 
    (3)护理上述病例,首要的护理措施是:                        A.吸氧                                                               B.监测生命体征                                            C.建立静脉通路 
    D.绝对卧床休息                                              E.心理护理
    (1)D(2)C(3)D
    166 循环系统 单选(A3) 0.6 熟悉 秦女士,60岁,3h前胸骨后压榨样疼痛发作,伴呕吐、冷汗及濒死感而入院。护理体检:神清,合作,心率112次/分,律齐,交替脉,心电图检查显示有急性广泛性前壁心肌梗死。                                                                                           (1) 秦女士存在的最主要护理问题是: 
    A.活动无耐力                                                                                    B.心输出量减少 
    C.体液量过多                                                                                         D.潜在心律失常                                                                               E.潜在感染 
    (2)对秦女士第一周的护理措施正确的是:  
    A.高热量、高蛋白饮食                                                                                               B.协助病人翻身、进食 
    C.协助病人入厕                                                                    D.低流量持续吸氧 
    E.指导病人床上活动   
    (3)在监护过程中护士发现秦女士烦躁不安,面色苍白,皮肤湿冷,脉细速,尿量减少,应警惕发生: 
    A.严重心律失常                                                                                                      B.急性左心衰竭 
    C.心源性休克                                                                                       D.并发感染                                                                                                     E.紧张,恐惧 
                                                                                 
    (1)B(2)B (3)C
    167 循环系统 单选(A3) 0.6 熟悉 周女士,65 岁,肥胖。有高血脂史及高血压24/13.3kPa (180/l00mmIIg),近日心前区发生疼痛。如考虑为心绞痛                                                        (1)胸痛性质应是: 
    A.隐痛持续整天                                           B.锻炼后可减轻 
    C.阵发针刺样痛                                                D.刀割样痛                                                                                  E.压迫、发闷或紧缩感 
    (2) 疼痛部位应是: 
    A.肋骨体上段或中段之后                                                B.肋骨体下段 
    C.整个左胸                                                        D.心尖区                                                      E.剑突下区 
    (3)疼痛持续时间应是: 
    A.1~2min                                                                B.3~5min                                                    C.5~10min 
    D.10~20min                                                              E.超过30min                                                  
    (1)E(2)A(3)B
    168 循环系统 单选(A3) 0.6 熟悉 女,25岁,因咳嗽、发热三天,咯鲜红色血痰而入院。平时劳动后出现心慌、气短,既往有风心病史。体检:T:39.6℃,P:100次/分,R:22次/分,Bp正常,精神紧张,咽充血,两颊及口唇轻度紫绀,颈静脉不怒张,心尖搏动明显,心脏轻度扩大,HR:100次/分,律齐,可闻心尖部舒张期隆隆样杂音。                                                    (1)此病人最大的可能是:             
    A. 肺结核                                                                    B. 支气管扩张 
    C. 大叶性肺炎                                                               D. 心衰 
    E. 二尖瓣狭窄 
    (2)输液过程中病人突感胸闷,气急,端坐呼吸,面色苍白,大汗淋漓,阵发性咳嗽,吐粉红色泡沫痰,听诊双肺布满水泡音。你考虑上述症状的原因是:  
    A. 右心衰 
    B. 急性左心衰 
    C. 肺栓塞 
    D. 肺炎 
    E. 肺脓肿 
    (3)除下列哪项外,均属护士立即采取的护理措施: 
    A. 四肢轮流结扎止血带 
    B. 半卧位、双腿下垂 
    C. 拳击心前区 
    D. 50%酒精吸氧 
    E. 备好急救药
    (1)E(2)B (3)C
    169 循环系统 单选(A3) 0.6 熟悉 女性,33岁,风湿性心脏病病人,每当上楼或做家务等日常活动时感气短、心慌、胸闷,坐下休息片刻后可缓解,阅读、进餐无此不适。                                      (1)你评估此病人心功能为: 
    A. 0级 
    B. Ⅰ级 
    C. Ⅱ级 
    D. Ⅲ级 
    E. Ⅳ级 
    (2)应如何安排其休息: 
    A. 活动如常,不必限制 
    B. 限制活动,增加卧床时间 
    C. 能起床活动,增加休息 
    D. 应增加活动量 
    E. 绝对卧床休息 
    (3)该病人发生哪种心律失常应警惕血栓形成: 
    A. 心动过速 
    B. 频发房性早搏 
    C. 频发室性早搏 
    D. 心房颤动 
    E. 房室传导阻止
    (1)C(2)C(3)D
    170 循环系统 单选(A3) 0.6 熟悉 赵先生,49岁,患风湿性心瓣膜病,因发生感染、心功能三级而入院,给予抗感染和抗心衰治疗。今日出现乏力、腹胀、心悸,心电图出现U波增高。                              (1)目前赵先生出现的并发症是: 
    A.高钾血症                                                               B.低钾血症                                               C.高钠血症 
    D.低钠血症                                                   E.代谢性酸中毒 
    (2)赵先生出院后,预防链球菌感染的措施应该是: 
    A.坚持锻炼,防止呼吸道感染                                                  B.注意个人卫生,多休息 
    C.高营养饮食,限制钠盐                                     D.减轻心理压力,增强康复信心 
    E.定期复查,必要时做血细菌培养
    (1)B(2)A
    171 循环系统 单选(A3) 0.6 熟悉 李女士,47岁,患风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄6年余,近日上呼吸道感染后出现心力衰竭表现,乏力,稍事活动就心慌、憋气,伴有食欲不振、肝区胀痛;双下肢轻度水肿,双肺底湿哕音,心率128次/分。 
    (1)护士应如何指导病人休息: 
    A.活动不受限制                                                                                                     B.从事轻体力活动 
    C.增加睡眠时间,可起床做轻微活动                                          D.卧床休息,限制活动量 
    E.严格卧床休息,采取半卧位 
    (2)经地高辛治疗后,病人出现食欲明显减退、恶心、呕吐、视力模糊,心率为50次/分,律不齐。应考虑病人出现了哪种情况: 
    A.心力衰竭加重                                                                                         B.颅压增高                                                                                            C.洋地黄中毒 
    D.心源性休克                                                                                                    E.低钾血症                          
    (1)D(2)C
    172 循环系统 名词解释 0.8 掌握 心源性水肿 是指由于心力衰竭引起体循环静脉淤血,使机体组织间隙有过多的液体积聚。
    173 循环系统 名词解释 0.8 掌握 心源性呼吸困难 是指心力衰竭时,病人自觉空气不足、呼吸费力,出现发绀、端坐呼吸,并可有呼吸频率、深度与节律的异常。
    174 循环系统 名词解释 0.8 掌握 阿-斯综合征 由于心排血量突然下降而产生的晕厥称阿-斯综合征(Adams-Stokes syndrome),晕厥是严重和危险的征兆。
    175 循环系统 名词解释 0.7 掌握 心源性哮喘 夜间阵发性呼吸困难常发生在夜间,于睡眠中突然憋醒,并被迫坐起或下床,呼吸深快,重者可有哮鸣音,称之为“心源性哮喘”。
    176 循环系统 名词解释 0.7 掌握 心悸 是指病人自觉心跳或心慌,常伴有心前区不适感。
    177 循环系统 名词解释 0.7 掌握 晕厥 是指由于暂时性脑缺血、缺氧所引起的急性而短暂的意识丧失。
    178 循环系统 名词解释 0.7 掌握 心力衰竭 是各种心脏疾病导致心功能不全的一种综合征,绝大多数情况下是指心肌收缩力下降使心排血量不能满足机体代谢的需要,器官、组织血液灌注不足,同时出现肺循环和(或)体循环淤血的表现。
    179 循环系统 名词解释 0.9 掌握 心律失常 是指心脏冲动的频率、节律、起源部位、传导速度与激动次序的异常。
    180 循环系统 名词解释 0.7 掌握 预激综合征 是指激动经由附加的传导束抢先到达心室,使部分 (或全部)心室肌提前激动,或心室钎动提前激动部分或全部心房。
    181 循环系统 名词解释 0.9 掌握 期前收缩 是指源于窦房结以外的异位起搏点提前发出的冲动使心脏收缩,又称过早搏动。
    182 循环系统 名词解释 0.8 掌握 房室传导阻滞 是指窦性冲动从心房传入心室过程中受到不同程度的阻滞,出现传导迟缓或传导中断。
    183 循环系统 名词解释 0.7 掌握 继发性高血压 在不足5%病人中,血压升高是某些疾病的一种临床表现,本身有明确而独立的病因,称为继发性高血压或症状性高血压。
    184 循环系统 名词解释 0.7 掌握 高血压脑病 由于脑小动脉在持久而严重的痉挛后出现脑循环障碍,引起脑水肿和颅内压增高产生严重头痛、呕吐、烦躁不安、心动过缓、视力模糊、抽搐、意识障碍甚至昏迷的临床征象。
    185 循环系统 名词解释 0.7 掌握 高血压危象 是指由于周围血管阻力的突然上升,血压在短时间内剧升,收缩压达260mmHg(34.7kPa)、舒张压120mmHg(16kPa)以上,病人出现头痛、烦躁、心悸、多汗、恶心、呕吐、面色苍白或潮红、视力模糊等征象。
    186 循环系统 名词解释 0.9 掌握 原发性高血压 指原因不明,以动脉收缩压和(或)舒张压增高为特征,常伴有心、脑、肾等器官病理性改变的全身性疾病。根据1978年世界卫生组织建议的血压判别标准:①正常成人动脉的收缩压≤  18.6kPa,和(或)舒张压≤12.0kPa;②成人高血压为静息时收缩压≥21.3kPa,和或)舒张压≥12.6kPa。
    187 循环系统 名词解释 0.6 熟悉 恶性高血压 多见于年轻人,起病急剧,突然头痛、头晕、视力模糊、心悸、气促、血压显著升高,舒张压≥16.9kPa,短期内出现心、脑、肾、眼底改变。发展迅速,病情严重,若不积极治疗,可死于肾功能衰竭或心力衰竭
    188 循环系统 名词解释 0.9 掌握 心绞痛 是冠状动脉供血不足,心肌急剧的、暂时的缺血与缺氧所引起的临床综合征。其特点为发作性胸痛或胸部不适
    189 循环系统 名词解释 0.9 掌握 心肌梗死 指冠状动脉病变的基础上,发生冠状动脉供血急剧减少或中断,使相应的心肌因严重而持久地缺血,导致心肌缺血性坏死。
    190 循环系统 名词解释 0.8 掌握 冠心病 是指冠状动脉粥样硬化使血管腔狭窄、阻塞,导致心肌缺血缺氧而引起的心脏病,它和冠状动脉功能性改变(痉挛)一起,统称为冠状动脉性心脏病,简称冠心病,亦称缺血性心脏病。
    191 循环系统 名词解释 0.6 熟悉 风湿活动 是在慢性瓣膜病的基础上,有急性风湿炎正,的反复发作。
    192 循环系统 名词解释 0.6 熟悉 风湿热 是一种全身变态反应性结缔组织疾病,可侵犯心脏、关节、皮肤、脑、浆膜及血管等器官、组织。
    193 循环系统 名词解释 0.9 掌握 风湿性心瓣膜病 简称风心病,是指风湿热所遗留下来的以心脏瓣膜病变为主的心脏病。
    194 循环系统 名词解释 0.7 掌握 心脏电复律 是在短时间内经胸壁自心脏通的高压强电流,使心肌纤维瞬时同时除极,消除异位快速性心律失常,使之转复为窦性心律的方法。
    195 循环系统 名词解释 0.7 掌握 人工心脏起搏术 是指应用人工心脏起搏器发放一定形式的脉冲电流,代替心脏导线和电极的传导,刺激心脏脉冲电流的频率有效地搏动。
    196 循环系统 简答题 0.6 熟悉 心源性水肿病人的饮食护理包括哪些方面? 低盐饮食  限制含钠高的食物,如咸菜、用发酵制作的面食、含钠的饮料和调味精等,且钠盐的限制应根据心力衰竭和利尿剂治疗的疗效而定。
    197 循环系统 简答题 0.5 熟悉 简述心源性水肿的发生机理? 由于有效循环血量减少,肾血流量降低,继发醛固酮增多引起的钠和水的潴留。此外,水钠潴留和静脉淤血致使毛细血管压升高,组织液回吸收减少而发生水肿。
    198 循环系统 简答题 0.6 熟悉 简述心力衰竭病人应该避免哪些可诱发心衰的因素? 感染、心律失常、生理或心理压力过大、心脏负荷过重、体液平衡失调、其他(药物使用不当、环境与气候的突变、合并甲状腺功能亢进症、贫血、肺栓塞)
    199 循环系统 简答题 0.7 掌握 洋地黄中毒发生时应采取的处理措施包括哪些? 一旦发生中毒,立刻通知医生并协助处理 ①停用洋地黄②如血钾低应补充钾盐,可口服或静脉补充氯化钾,同时停用排钾利尿剂。③纠正心律失常。如血钾不低的快速心律失常者首选利多卡因或苯妥英钠,心率缓慢者可用阿托品静脉注射或临时起搏。
    200 循环系统 简答题 0.5 熟悉 慢性充血性心力衰竭病人如何安排活动和休息? 心功能Ⅰ级:不限制一般的体力活动,积极参加体育锻炼,但必须避免剧烈运动和重体力劳动。心功能Ⅱ级:适当限制体力活动,增加午睡时间,强调下午多休息,可不影响轻体力工作和家务劳动。心功能Ⅲ级:严格限制一般的体力活动,每天有充分的休息时间,但日常生活可以自理或在他人协助下自理。心功能Ⅳ级:绝对卧床休息,生活由他人照顾。可在床上做肢体被动运动,轻微的屈伸运动和回身,逐步过度到坐或下床活动。鼓励病人不要延长卧床时间,当病情好转后,应尽早作适量的活动,因为长期卧床易导致静脉血栓形成、肺栓塞、便秘、虚弱、体位性低血压的发生。
    201 循环系统 简答题 0.5 熟悉 简述房颤的心电图特点和观察要点。 (1)P波消失,代之以350~600次/分钟间隔不均匀、振幅不等、形状不同的f波。(2)QRS波群间隔绝对不规则,心室率极不规则。(3)QRS波形态一般正常。
    202 循环系统 简答题 0.5 熟悉 简要说明室性期前收缩的心电图特点 (1)提前出现QRS波群,宽大畸形  (2)常无相关P波  (3)完全代偿间歇
    203 循环系统 简答题 0.5 熟悉 监护严重心律失常病人时,应注意观察哪些潜在的和易引起猝死危险征兆的心律失常? (1)潜在的引起猝死危险的心律失常有频发(>5次/分钟)、多源、成联律或有RonT现象(即在心电图上室性期前收缩的R波落在前一个心动周期的T 波上)的室性期前收缩;第二度Ⅱ型房室传导阻滞。(2)随时有猝死危险的严重心律失常有室性阵发性心动过速、心室扑动与颤动、第三度房室传导阻滞等。
    204 循环系统 简答题 0.5 熟悉 提示猝死先兆的表现 心律失常突然出现心前区疼痛、心悸、头昏、晕顾、气促、乏力等症状,提示发生猝死先兆。
    205 循环系统 简答题 0.6 熟悉 简述室颤的急救措施。 详见有关章节内容。
    206 循环系统 简答题 0.4 了解 一病人4小时来反复多次发作阵发性室性心动过速,护士应如何处理此病人? 详见有关章节内容。
    207 循环系统 简答题 0.5 熟悉 简述应用抗心律失常药物的护理措施? 严格遵医嘱给药,给药时应注意给药途径、剂量、给药速度等;口服药应按时按量服用;静脉注射时速度应缓慢,必要时心电监测。 观察用药过程中及用药后的心率、心律、血压、脉搏、呼吸、意识变化,观察疗效和药物不良反应,及时发现用药而引起的心律失常
    208 循环系统 简答题 0.6 熟悉 简要说明高血压危重症的护理要点? 1.绝对卧床休息,抬高床头。2.吸氧4~5L/min 3.立即建立静脉通道,备好降压药和脱水剂。4.有躁动、抽搐者可用镇静剂。5.提供保护性护理,加床栏,用牙垫。避免屏气、用力呼吸或用力排便。
    209 循环系统 简答题 0.9 掌握 高血压危重症抢救时静脉滴注硝普钠的注意事项。 (1)现拥现配(2)避光容器中静脉点滴(3)根据血压调节滴速(4)停药时逐渐减量防止血压反跳现象。
    210 循环系统 简答题 0.6 熟悉 简述高血压患者的自我保健计划内容 详见有关章节内容。
    211 循环系统 简答题 0.9 掌握 护士为高血压病病人测量血压时应注意哪些? 详见有关章节内容。
    212 循环系统 简答题 0.6 熟悉 高血压病病人健康教育内容包括? (1)休息,劳逸结合,保证充足睡眠;                                    (2)避免情绪激动; 
    (3)低盐、低脂饮食,摄盐应<6g/日; 
    (4)戒烟,限制饮酒; 
    (5)坚持运动; 
    (6)坚持服药; 
    (7)定期测量血压,随访靶器官受损情况。
    213 循环系统 简答题 0.7 掌握 高血压治疗目的? 使血压下降到或接近正常范围;防止和减少并发症所致的病死率和病残率。
    214 循环系统 简答题 0.6 熟悉 简述典型心绞痛发作时有哪些特点? 诱因:体力劳动/情绪激动                      部位:胸骨体上段或中段之后心前区             性质:压迫性/濒死/堵塞/紧缩(无锐痛、刺痛)  持续时间:1-5≤15分钟                        缓解方式:停/含<5分钟(硝酸甘油)            EKG:S-T下降(心内膜)
    215 循环系统 简答题 0.6 熟悉 请写出心绞痛与急性心机梗塞在临床表现方面的主要区别 详见有关章节内容。
    216 循环系统 简答题 0.5 熟悉 简述冠心病心绞痛患者的健康教育内容 (1)活动与休息规律性的运动可以每周3次,每次15~60分钟。运动时心率以达到(220-年龄) ×60%左右为佳。平时活动以走路、上下楼梯、打太极拳、骑自行车等为宜,要避免竞赛性运动。如有心跳过度增加、呼吸困难时,立刻停止运动。在忙碌的一天当中,应安排几次短暂的休息,养成早睡和午睡的习惯,以避免夜间阵发性呼吸困难。(2)饮食指导减少饱和性脂肪的摄入。避免高胆固醇的食物。多食高纤维食物。(3)避免诱因 (详见本节有关内容)(4)用药指导 坚持按医嘱服药,自我监测药物副作用。外出时随身携带硝酸甘油以应急,在家中,硝酸甘油应放在易取之处,用后放回原处,家人也应知道药物的位置,以便需要时能及时找到。此外,硝酸甘油见光易分解,应放在棕色瓶中,6个月更换一次,以防止药物受潮、变质而失效。(5)复查 定期进行心电图、血糖、血脂检查,积极治疗高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症。嘱病人当疼痛比以往频繁、程度加重、用硝酸甘油不易缓解,伴出冷汗等应由家属护送即刻到医院就诊,警惕心肌梗死的发生。
    217 循环系统 简答题 0.5 熟悉 简述安装永久起搏器病人的健康教育. 详见有关章节内容。
    218 循环系统 简答题 0.5 熟悉 对风湿热病人进行健康教育时的主要内容是什么? 详见有关章节内容。
    219 循环系统 简答题 0.7 掌握 简述风心病二尖瓣狭窄病人常有的并发症? 心律失常,以心房颤动最常见。充血性心力衰竭和急性肺水肿。栓塞,以脑栓塞最常见。肺部感染。
    220 循环系统 简答题 0.7 掌握 风湿性心瓣膜病病人如何预防感染性心内膜炎? 风心病病人在施行拔牙、内镜检查、导尿术、分娩、人工流产等手术操作前,应告诉有关医生自己的详细病史,便于医生预防性使用抗生素。尽可能改善生活和工作环境,保持室内温暖、干燥、空气流通,注意保暖、预防感冒。
    221 循环系统 简答题 0.5 熟悉 简述安装永久起搏器病人的健康教育 (1). 告知病人家属伤口处理、防止感染的注意事项,以及起搏器的设备频率、使用年限、简单排除起搏器故障的方法等。(2). 教会病人每日自测脉搏,发现脉率明显改变或出现气急、头昏、疲乏、晕顾、胸痛等现象,提示起搏器发生故障,应立即就医。(3) 装有起搏器的一侧上肢应避免过度剧烈或幅度过大的动作,因手臂、肩部过度的活动都可能使电极脱落或影响起搏器功能。(4) 远离强磁场和高电压。如发现接触某些环境或电器设备会干扰起搏器功能,应立即离开现场或关掉电器电源。(5). 妥善保管心脏起搏器卡,外出随身携带,便于出现意外时为诊治提供信息。(7). 定期随访,测试起搏器功能。
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