中国农业科学 2010,43(17):3590-3601 Scientia Agricultura Sinica
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.17.013
梨园芳香植物间作区主要害虫及其天敌的相互关系
宋备舟 ,王美超 ,孔 云 ,姚允聪 , 吴红英 ,李振茹
1 1 1 1 1 2
(1 北京农学院植物科学技术学院,北京 102206;2 北京市大兴区林业局,北京 102600)
摘要:【目的】探讨间作芳香植物对梨园主要害虫与天敌相互作用的影响.【方法】以梨园设置薄荷,孔雀 草,罗勒间作区和自然生草区为处理,清耕区为对照(CK),基于梨园各个间作处理区节肢动物组成和时序变化 的测试,应用主成分分析,生态位及灰色关联度理论对梨园各间作区中主要害虫及天敌类群进行系统研究.【结 果】梨园各间作处理区主要害虫及其天敌的个体数时序变化趋势基本一致,芳香植物间作区主要害虫和天敌的发 生量在梨树年生长期内分别明显低于和高于清耕(对照)区;与清耕(对照)区相比梨园芳香植物间作区起主导 作用的害虫及天敌的类群不同,且相对集中于有限的几个种类,害虫如梨木虱,康氏粉蚧,蚜虫,金龟子和梨网 蝽,天敌如瓢虫,食蚜蝇,草蛉,蜘蛛和寄生蜂;梨园间作芳香植物比对照显著增加主要害虫及天敌的生态位宽 度,且使天敌的生态位宽度明显大于害虫,同时增加主要天敌如瓢虫,食蚜蝇与害虫的生态位重叠指数,呈现出 对害虫明显的跟随效应和控制作用;灰色关联度分析进一步发现,同一害虫在不同间作区的主要天敌不同,梨园 芳香植物间作区主要害虫与天敌相互关系呈现出多层次性.【结论】梨园间作芳香植物对控制梨园害虫数量,增 加天敌数量,且对梨园主要害虫与天敌相互关系具有调节作用. 关键词:梨园;间作芳香植物;害虫与天敌;相互作用
Interaction of the Dominant Pests and Natural Enemies in the Experimental Plots of the Intercropping Aromatic Plants in Pear Orchard
SONG Bei-zhou1, WANG Mei-chao1, KONG Yun1, YAO Yun-cong1, WU Hong-ying1, LI Zhen-ru2
(1College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206; 2Daxing District Forestry Bureau of Beijing, Beijing 102600)
Abstract: 【Objective】 This paper was aimed to discuss the effects of intercropping aromatic plants on the interaction of the dominant pest and natural enemies in pear orchard. 【Method】 Intercropping Mentha haplocalyx (Briq.var. piperascens Malinvaud), Tagetes patula L., Ocimum basilicum L. and natural grass in pear orchard were taken as four treatments and clean tillage was as control. Based on the test for the composition and dynamic changes of the arthropod community in each treatments of pear orchard, the dominant pests and natural enemies groups in each intercropping plot were systematically studied by principal component analysis, niche theory and gray correlation degree theory. 【Result】 The results showed that the trend of the dynamic changes of the dominant pests individual number was similar with that of natural enemies in the different plots of pear orchard. In the annual growth cycle of pear tree the individual number of the dominant pests in the plots of intercropping aromatic plants was significantly less than that of clean tillage plots, but the individual number of the dominant natural enemies was opposite. Compared treatment plot with the control plots, the groups of the dominant pests and natural enemies which played a leading role were different, but relatively concentrated in some varieties of the arthropod community. The dominant pests and natural enemies in the plots of the intercropping aromatic plants had a wider breadth of temporal niche than that in the clean tillage plots, and the temporal niche of the dominant natural enemies was evidently wider than that of the dominant pests. In the meantime, intercropping the aromatic plants

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