Theory of submerged arc welding
埋弧焊原理
The electric arc welding process in an electrically conductive flux is mainly used with automatic welding machines. The workpieces are joined together by melting one or more electrode wires to provide filler metal. 这种焊接工艺使用的焊剂可以传导电流,主要用来实现全自动焊接. 可以建立一个 或多个电弧来熔化填充焊丝,使被焊的工件连接在一起. Submerged arc is a welding and hard surfacing process which gives: 埋弧焊接主要用于焊接和表面硬化, productivity, 生产效率高 quality 质量好 operator comfort.操作舒适方便
Main characteristics 主要特点 Submerged arc welding has many intrinsic advantages. They include: 埋弧焊接有许多内在的优点,他们包括: a very varied range of applications: thin plate welding, 应用领域广泛,可进行薄板的焊接 thick plate welding, welding of mild, alloy or stainless steel, hard surfacing and maintenance work, 也可进行厚板的焊接,如焊接低碳钢,合金钢,不锈钢,表面堆焊及维修工作等; high speed of execution due to the use of high currents in one or more electrode wires. 焊接效率高,因为可使用一个或多个电极,它们都有很高的电流. high penetrating power significantly reducing or even eliminating the need for bevelling, 高的穿透力,有时不用开坡口,就可以完成焊接. low cost welding bead, the quantity of filler metal being often much lower than with other welding processes. 低成本的焊道, 与其他焊接过程相比,填充金属的数量相对比较少. little distortion, 很小的变形 very good weld appearance, 非常好的表面成形; excellent compactness of welds,焊道的组织比较致密. Can be used for welding and hard surfacing workpieces made from alloy or low-alloy carbon steel, stainless steel or refractory steel. 主要用来焊接或进行表面堆焊,主要用来焊接合金或低合金钢,碳钢,不锈钢,耐热钢等; welds have excellent mechanical characteristics, 焊缝有优良的机械性能 concealed arc enabling the operator to work without a mask and without disturbing others nearby, 由于电弧被埋在下面,操作员可以安全地进行操作,无须面具,也不能影响他人的工作. no fumes are given off,无烟尘放出 giving better operator comfort and a saving in the costs of devices for extracting and treating welding fumes. 使操作者更加方便,节约成本,可以吸收和处理烟尘. Limitations of the process 焊接过程的局限性 submerged arc welding can be used only on alloy or non-alloy carbon steel, stainless and refractory steel, 埋弧焊只能用来焊接合金和非合金钢,不锈钢和耐热钢.
 the use of powder flux means that welds must be executed horizontally unless special measures are taken, 由于焊剂呈粉末状,一般情况下,主要是水平焊接,如使用特殊的装置,可以进行立焊和横焊. the process cannot weld plate less than 1.8 mm thick (due to its high penetration) 这种焊接方法不能焊接小于1.8 mm厚的板材.(这主要由于它高的穿透力) it is not possible to butt joint workpieces more than 16 mm thick. without special preparation (edge bevelling). 对于对接接头,板的厚度超过16 mm,如不开坡口,将不能焊透16 mm厚的板材.

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