绗�鍥涚�?鐢㈢�戦啱鐧傜殑鐧煎睍锛堜笂锛� 姣嶈Κ鍒嗗ī鎵�鍙楃殑鐥涙�氾紝鍦ㄩ啱瀛哥柤鐥涙寚鏁镐笂楂樺眳绗�浜岋紝鍍呮�℃柤鐕掔伡鍌风棝銆?鍥犳�わ�?濂虫�у湪鐢熺敘閬庣▼涓�澶氬崐闋堟湁浠栦汉鍗斿姪锛屾垨浜堟寚灏庯紝鎴栦簣鎵舵寔锛屾垨浜堢簿绁炲畨鎱帮紝鎴栧�?瀣板厭濞╁嚭寰岋紝铏曠悊寰岀簩浜嬮爡锛涚暥鐒讹紝涓�鏃︾櫦鐢熼洠鐢㈡檪锛岀敘濠︽墍闇�鐨勫崝鍔╂洿涓嶅湪瑭变笅銆?鏂兼槸锛岀湅鐢�銆佹帴鐢熺瓑鍔╃敘浜哄摗涔冩噳閬嬭�岀敓锛岃�屾枃鏄庢剤鐧煎睍锛屽姪鐢�浜哄�$殑鍒嗗伐涔熸剤瓒?绮剧窗锛岄啱鐧傚皥妤�涔熸剤瓒ㄦ槑�'锛岀敘濠嗐�佸姪鐢㈠+銆佺敘绉戦啱甯�銆佺敘绉戦啱瀛哥瓑灏堟キ闅ㄤ箣鍑虹従銆?瑗挎柟鍦ㄤ簽姝峰北澶ф檪鏈燂紝瑙e墫瀛稿�跺笇缇呰不鏂�(Herophilus, 344-280 B.C.)宸茬稉鐢辫В鍓?灞嶉珨寰楃煡濂虫�х敓娈栧櫒瀹樹箣鐪熻矊锛涘彟涓�浣嶉啱甯�绱㈡媺閭ｆ柉锛圫oranus锛岀磩娲昏簫鏂煎叕鍏冨墠 2 涓栫磤锛変篃宸插皪閬垮瓡銆佹祦鐢�銆佺敘绋嬨�佽冻浣嶅�掕綁琛撶瓑閫茶�屾弿杩般�傚剺绠′腑涓栫磤鏅傚洜瀹楁暀鍕?鍔涢緪澶э紝鐢㈢�戜竴搴﹁�ゅ叆杩蜂俊涔嬮�旓紝浣嗗崄涓冧笘绱�浠ュ緦鐨勮タ鏂圭敘绉戝墖鏈夐暦瓒充箣鐧煎睍锛屽寘 鎷�鐢㈢�戞暀鑲叉�熸�嬪強鐢㈢�戞妧琛擄紙濡傦細瑙歌ê娉曘�佽綁浣嶈�撱�佸墠缃�鑳庣洡涔嬭檿缃�锛夌瓑锛岄兘鏂兼�� 涓栫磤鍏堝緦鍑虹従锛涜�岀敘閴?forceps)鐨勭櫦鏄庤垏鏀硅壇锛?鏇翠績浣夸竴鎵规瘮鍌崇当鐢㈠﹩鏇寸偤灏堟キ鐨?鐢锋�у姪鐢㈠+鍑虹従锛屾垚鐐哄崄鍏�涓栫磤姝愭床璨村│鐢熺敘鐨勬柊閬告搰鑸囨柊鏅傚皻銆傚彟澶栵紝鍗佸叓涓栫磤 浠ュ緦锛屾湁绲勭箶鐨勯啱瀛稿湗楂旈枊濮嬫姇娉ㄦ洿澶氬績鍔涘湪鐢㈢�戦牁鍩燂紝淇冩垚鍗佷節涓栫磤浠ュ緦鐢㈢�戦�?鐧備箣绐侀�涚寷閫诧紝鍖呮嫭閬庡幓閫犳垚鐢㈠│楂樻�讳�$巼鐨勭敘瑜ョ啽(puerperal fever)锛屾柤鍗佷節涓栫磤 涓�寰屾湡琚�鏈夋晥鍏嬫湇锛?3鑰岄夯閱夋硶鐨勭櫦鏄庯紝鍓囦娇濠︾敘澶栫�戞湁闀疯冻鐧煎睍锛涘啀鑰咃紝鍓栬吂鐢? 1 2 3 閯�鏇夎枃锛屻�堢敓鐢㈡笡鐥涘ぇ鎴愬姛銆夛紝銆婂�藉挭瀵惰矟銆嬬�� 39 鏈燂紙鑷哄寳锛?003.09锛夛紝闋?31銆?鐣朵唬鐨勭敘閴?forceps)锛屼締鑷�鏂奸將浼�鍊�瀹舵�?the Chamberlens family)銆?7 涓栫磤鏃╂湡褰煎緱锛庨將浼�鍊?( Peter Chamberlen, 1560-1631)鐪嬪埌鍒嗗ī閬庣▼涓�锛岃儙鍏掔殑闋�閮ㄩ伈閬蹭笉鑳藉ī鍑猴紝瑷卞�氳儙鍏掑洜姝ゅ�?鎶橈紝鐢氳嚦鏈変簺鐢㈠│涔熷洜鐢㈢▼閬庨暦鑰屾�讳骸銆傚郊寰椾箖鍓靛埗鍑轰簡涓�绋�鏈夊瓟锛屼笖鑸囧�板厭闋�褰㈢浉鍚堢殑褰庢�?鐙�鐢㈤墬锛屽湪鍒嗗ī閬庣▼涓�鎷変綇鑳庨牠锛屽崝鍔╄儙鍏掑ī鍑猴紝鎸芥晳浜嗚ū澶氱敘濠﹁垏瀣板厭鐨勭敓鍛姐�備絾閷�浼�鍊�瀹� 鏃忚�栫敘閴楃偤鍌冲�朵箣瀵讹紝灏嶅叾鍤存牸淇濆瘑锛屽彧鍦ㄦ湰瀹舵棌浠d唬鐩稿偝锛岀�樺瘑浣跨敤銆傜洿鑷?1670 骞达紝閷�浼� 鍊�瀹舵棌灏囨�ょ�樺瘑鍑哄敭绲︿簡闃垮�嗘柉鐗逛腹鐨勯湶绲叉捣瑗垮拰鍏朵粬閱�鐢燂紝鐢㈤墬鎵嶉�愭几琚�涓栦汉鎵�鐭ャ�?720 骞翠互寰岋紝鎴愮偤閱�甯�鍊戝父浣跨敤鐨勪竴绋�鏈夌敤鐨勫伐鍏枫�傚弮瑕?W.F. Bynum, Science and the Practice of Medicine in the Nineteenth Century, p. 202. Ornella Moscucci, The Science of Woman: Gynecology and Gender in England, 1800-1929锛圕ambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990锛? p. 47. 1847 骞村ェ鍦板埄浜轰紛鏍肩磵鑼诧紟濉為亥鐖剧董鏂?Ignaz Semmelweis, 1818-1865)鐧肩従鐢㈣ぅ鐔辫垏娑堟瘨涓嶅畬 鍏ㄦ湁闂滐紝涔冧互姘�姘�(Cl2)娑堟瘨闆欐墜闋愰槻锛岀祼鏋滀娇缃规偅鐢㈣ぅ鐔辩殑濠﹀コ澶х偤娓涘皯锛岀敱鍘熸湰鐨?10锛呴檷 鍒?3.5锛呫�傚彲鎯滅殑鏄�锛岄�欓爡鐧肩従涓︽湭鍦ㄧ暥鏅傚彈鍒版噳鏈夌殑閲嶈�栵紝浼婃牸绱嶈尣鐢氳嚦鍥犳�ら伃鍙楁帓鎿狅紝鎶?楝变互绲傘�傜洿鍒颁笁鍗佸�氬勾寰岋紝鐣跺反鏂�寰?Louis Pasteur, 1822-1895)鎵惧嚭寮曡捣鐢㈣ぅ鐔辩殑绱拌弻鈹� 閺堢悆 鈹� 180 濂抽珨鑸囧湅鏃忥細寮峰湅寮风ó鑸囪繎浠d腑鍦嬬殑濠﹀コ琛涚敓(1895-1949) (Cesarean Section)鐨勬敼閫诧紝4涔熶娇寰楅洠鐢㈠│濂崇殑瀛樻椿鐜囧ぇ鐐烘彁楂橈紱鏈�寰岋紝鍗佷節涓栫磤鏅傦紝 鐢㈢�戦啱甯�宸叉墦鐮村彧鍑嗚檿鐞嗛洠鐢㈢殑瑕忓畾锛岀�嶆サ浠嬪叆姝ｅ父鐨勫垎濞╅亷绋嬶紝淇冧娇鐢㈢�戦啱鐧傛洿 瓒ㄥ皥妤�鍖栥�備簩鍗佷笘绱�浠ュ緦锛岀敘绉戦幃鐥涘姂鏈夋サ澶т箣閫插睍锛岀劇鐥涘垎濞╂硶涔冩噳閬嬭�岀敓锛涘彟 澶栵紝姝ゆ檪涓诲嫉鍥炴�歌嚜鐒剁敘鐨勬柟寮忥紝闄ら潪钀�涓嶅緱宸诧紝涓嶈紩鐢ㄥ櫒鍏凤紝涓�鏁村緸鍓嶆揩鐢ㄧ敘閴?涔嬮ⅷ銆? 鐢变笂鏂囧彲鐭ワ紝瑗挎柟鐢㈢�戜箣銆岄啱鐧傚寲銆嶉'鐒惰�佹棭鏂间腑鍦嬨�?娓呮湯浠ラ檷锛岄�欏�楁�濇兂涔?閫愭几鍌冲叆涓�鍦嬶紝涓﹀皪涓�鍦嬬敘绉戠櫦鐢熻嫢骞插奖闊裤�傛湰鏂囧嵆瑭﹀湒杩界储涓�鍦嬭繎浠ｇ敘绉戦啱鐧傚�?鐨勯亷绋嬶紝鍙婂叾灏嶄腑鍦嬪│濂崇殑褰遍熆銆傚繀闋堣��鏄庣殑鏄�锛岃繎浠ｄ腑鍦嬪皪鏂奸啱闄㈢殑鐢㈢�戝簥鏁革紝 涓︽湭鏈夌⒑鍒囦箣绲辫▓璩囨枡锛岃�屼笖鍗充娇鏈変簡閫欎簺纭�楂旇ō鏂斤紝浠嶉爤鏈夊厖鍒嗕汉鍔涗箣閰嶅悎鏂硅�?鎴愭晥锛屾晠鏈�绔犲儏灏辩暥鏅備汉鏁歌純澶氬姪鐢�浜哄摗锛堢┅濠嗚垏鍔╃敘澹�锛夊姞浠ヨ◣璜栵紝鑷虫柤瑗垮紡瑷�

下一页