甲骨文所反映殷商社会制之探究 81
甲骨文所反映殷商社会制度之探究
采婕
1
傅荣珂
2
国嘉义大学通教育中心教授兼主任
摘
要
甲骨文之发现为中国近代学术史上之一件大事,最早被发现於今河南省 北部安阳市西北郊之小屯村.此地原是商代后期国都,史称之为「殷」《史 , 记.殷本纪正义》引《竹书纪年》曰: 「自盘庚徙殷至纣之灭,二百七十三 年更不迁都.」是以商又称之为「殷商」 .殷墟甲骨文乃殷商考古中最重要 发现之一;近百年来学者对甲骨文之搜集,整理,释读与研究,已取得丰硕 之成果.而出土之卜骨,卜甲,其刻辞内容包含甚广,举凡祭祀,天象,田 猎,农业,征伐,王事等,对古史之研究甚有助益,而从甲古文之深入研究, 对殷商社会之历史与制度,当可更能豁然明白,今试就甲骨文之刻辞,以探 究殷商之奴隶,农业,畜牧业,青铜业,商业,交通等各项制度. 关键词:甲骨文,甲骨卜辞,殷墟甲骨,奴隶,殷代社会
1 2
国嘉义大学中国文学研究所研究生. 国嘉义大学中国文学研究所前所长及兼任教授,现为南台科技大学通中心教授.
82 国嘉义大学通学报(第二期)
An Exploration of Shang Dynasty's Social System as Reflected in the Oracle Bones
Lu, Tsai-Chieh & Fu, Rong-Ko
Director of General Education Center National Chiayi University
Abstract
The discovery of the oracle bones of the Shang Dynasty is one of the major developments in the academic history of modern China. First uncovered in a small village in northen Henan Province, which was judged by Su Ma-Qian, the author of The Historical Records, to be the capital of the late Shang Dynasty for 273 years, the oracle bones have been collected, classified, and interpreted by scholars in the past one hundred years. The scripts on the bones and shells were relevant to the worshipping practices, astronomy, hunting, farming, battles, and royal families of the Shang Dynasty. The bones and shells provide a new window to the history and the social systems of the ancient dynasty. The purpose of this study is to examine the carved scripts on the oracle bones and shells in order to explore the social systems of Shang Dynasty, including slavery, agriculture, animal husbandry, metal production, commerce, and transportation. Keywords: Tortoise shell script, Oracle bones, slavery, Shang Dynasty
甲骨文所反映殷商社会制之探究 83
甲骨文所反映殷商社会制度之探究
一,绪
自西元 1899 年发现甲骨文至今已有百年之久,安阳殷墟等地累计出土有 字甲骨约十六万片以上.然而早先出土之甲 骨,或年代久远,或搬运流离,部分不免支离 破碎,亟待修复缀合,以恢复本来之面貌.西 元 1928 年 10 月起至 1937 年 6 月抗日战争爆 发前夕,安阳殷墟历经十五次科学发掘以后, 甲骨文之发现与研究,为商代社会历史之研究 带来新契机.尽管甲骨文字句比较简单,形式 几乎类似,有些字句还有待作进一步之研究, 但甲骨文却是商代社会生活之真实记录.

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