Background to To Kill a Mockingbird and Harper Lee: #1

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Background to To Kill a Mockingbird and Harper Lee: #1

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Background to To Kill a Mockingbird and Harper Lee: #1 Before the 1930s At the time of the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, the African American population was bound by slavery. The Alabama plantation owners were afraid of the consequences of the abolition of slavery, and Montgomery, the state capital, became the first capital of the Confederate State of America. By 1865, however, the southern states had been defeated, and slavery was abolished. But the enforced abolition of slavery did not alter the attitudes of a large number of southern white people, who for many years continued to regard African Americans as inferior. Former slaves and their children had little assurance that their post-Civil War freedoms would stick. By the 1890s, a system of laws and regulations commonly referred to as "Jim Crow" had emerged; by 1910, every state of the former Confederacy had upheld this legalized segregation and disenfranchisement. During the Jim Crow era, local officials instituted curfews for African Americans and posted "Whites Only" and "Colored" signs on parks, schools, hotels, water fountains, restrooms, and all modes of transportation. Laws against miscegenation or "race-mixing" deemed all marriages between white and African Americans not only void but illegal. Almost as bad as the injustice of Jim Crow was the inconsistency with which local law enforcement applied it. Backtalk would rate a laugh in one town, and a lynching just over the county line.

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