2011年综合类职称英语教材新增文章下载
阅读理解新增文章(共3篇)
第八篇
The State of Marriage Today
Is there something seriously wrong with marriage today During the past 50 years,the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded:almost 50%of marriages end in divorce now,and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse. If this trend continues,it will lead to the breakup of the family,according to a spokesperson for the National Family Association. Some futurists predict that in 100 years,the average American will marry at least four times,and extramarital affairs will be even more common than they are now.
But what are the reasons for this,and is the picture really so gloomy The answer to the first question is really quite simple:marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need. Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands as they usually didn't have jobs outside the home. But with the rising number of women in well-paying jobs,this is no longer the case, so they don't feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage.
In answer to the second question,the outlook may not be as pessimistic as it seems. While the rate of divorce has risen,the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much,so marriage is still quite popular. In addition to this,many couples now cohabit and don't bother to marry. These couples are effectively married,but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics. In fact,more than 50%of first marriages survive. The statistics are deceptive because there is a higher number of divorces in second and third marriages than in first marriages.
So is marriage really an outdated institution The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn't. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people:they suffer less from stress and its consequences,such as heart problems,and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!
词汇:
divorce n.离婚 cohabit v.同居
evidence n.证据,迹象 effectively ad.实际上
futurist n.未来主义者 statistics n.统计,统计资料
explode v.激增,迅速扩大deceptive adj.迷惑的,骗人的
predict v.预言,预料,预报 outdated adj.旧式的,过时的
extramarital adj.婚外的 indicate v.表明,暗示
gloomy adj.阴暗的;令人沮丧的 consequence n.结果,后果
institution n.制度,习俗 contented adj.满足的,满意的
outlook n.展望,前景 counterpart n.对应的人(或物)
pessimistic adj.悲观的
注释:
National Family Association:美国国家家庭联合会
练习:
1.Which is true about the problem of marriage in the United States today
A)Divorce leads to the breakup of the family.
B)Half of the married couples get divorced.
C)American people marry more than four times.
D)More and more people are getting divorced.
2.What does "this is no longer the case" in paragraph two mean
A ) It is not necessary to get married any more.
B) Women do not need a husband any longer.
C) Women are not economically dependant any more.
D) Many wives do well-paying jobs outside home now.
3.Why may the outlook of marriage not be as gloomy as it appears
A) Many people still like to get married.
B)The rate of divorce has actually decreased.
C)Over 50%of the marriages continue to exist.
D)The statistics of divorce is not quite true.
4.How do people usually feel in their marriage life
A)They are much healthier.
B)They feel no longer single.
C)They are more satisfied.
D)They suffer a lot less.
5.Which of the following about marriage is NOT mentioned in the passage
A)There will be more relationships outside marriage.
B)Many people try to get married again after divorce.
C)Marriage has long been partly an economical need.
D)It is a fact that most people choose to get married.
答案与题解:
1. D 从第一段里可以了解到选项A与C都是预计将来会发生的,而不是如今的情况.
B选项与第一段第二句"almost 50%of the marriages end in divorce"不符.第一段第二句里的"the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded""the evidence suggests it is going to get worse"话语正好说明了D选项的情况.
2. C 第二段第四句,第五句说得很清楚,妇女们如今在外工作在经济上不再依赖她们的丈夫,因此觉得无需维持行将失败的婚姻.
3. A 从第二段里可以了解到离婚率并没有下降而是上升了,因此B选项不对.而C选项与第三段里"In fact,more than 50%of first marriages survive"所说不符,该选项没有提到是第一次婚姻.同样,D选项在文中也没有说到,文中第三段的最后一句只是说统计数据具有欺骗性,而没有说数据失实.
4. C 文中第四段第三句的后半句说得很清楚,结了婚的人比单身的人更满足.A,D选项提到的是实际情况而不是婚后人们的感觉,因此不对.文中并没有提到选项B所说的情况.
5. B A选项在第一段最后一句里提到了,C选项和D选项分别在第二段,第四段里提到了,而B选项却没有哪一段具体提到
第三十八篇
Excessive Demands on Young People
Being able to multitask is hailed by most people as a welcome skill,but not according to a recent study which claims that young people between the ages of eight and eighteen of the so-called Generation M1are spending a considerable amount of their time in fruitless efforts as they multitask. It argues that,in fact,these young people are frittering away as much as half of their time again as they would if they performed the very same tasks one after the other.
Some young people are juggling an ever larger number of electronic devices as they study. At the same time that they are working,young adults are also surfing on the Internet,or sending out emails to their friends,and/or answering the telephone and listening to music on their iPods2 or on another computer. As some new device comes along it too is added to the list rather than replacing one of the existing devices.
Other research has indicated that this multitasking is even affecting the way families themselves function as young people are too wrapped up3 in their own isolated worlds to interact with the other people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house nor can they eat at the family table.
All this electronic wizardry is supposedly also seriously affecting young people's performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their perception of the impact of modern gadgets on their performance of tasks,the overwhelming majority of young people gave a favour able response.
The response from the academic and business worlds was not quite as positive. The former feel that multitasking with electronic gadgets by children affects later development of study skills,resulting in a decline in the quality of writing,for example,because of the lack of concentration on task completion. They feel that many undergraduates now urgently need remedial help with study skills. Similarly,employers feel that young people entering the workforce need to be taught all over again,as they have become deskilled.
While all this may be true,it must be borne in mind4 that more and more is expected of young people nowadays; in fact,too much. Praise rather than criticism is due in respect of5 the way today's youth are able to cope despite what the older generation throw at them.
词汇:
excessive adj.过多的,额外 interact vi.交流,沟通,互动
multitask vi.同时进行多个任务 wizardry n.魔力,法术
supposedly adv.据认为,据推测
hail vt.赞扬 performance n.表现,行为
claim vt.声称,主张 perception n.认识,看法,见解
considerable adj.相当大的,相当多的 impact n.影响,作用
gadget n.小巧的机械装置
fritter vt.消耗,浪费 overwhelming adj.压倒性的
juggle vt.耍弄,玩耍 majority n.大多数
electronic device n.电子装置,电子仪器 academic adj 学术的,学校的
decline n.下降,衰退
surf vi.(网上)冲浪,漫游,浏览 concentration n.专心,专注
indicate vt.表明,指出 remedial adj.补习的,补救的
affect vt.影响 deskilled adj.逐渐失去技能的
isolated adj.孤立的,与世隔绝的 due adj.应有的,适当的
注释:
1.Generation M:M代表multimedia.Generation M即"多媒体时代",是指伴随着计算机和因特网的普及而成长起来的一代年轻人.他们多出生于1980年之后,热衷于计算机,因特网,视频游戏,智能手机.这些新媒体和传统媒体如电视,印刷品,音响制品结合起来,使得他们的世界异常丰富多彩."多媒体时代"的另一特征就是可以multitask,即多项任务同时进行,如他们可以一边上网冲浪,一边听着音乐,一边看着电视里的MTV,一边和朋友短信聊天,同时还做着自己的家庭作业.
2.iPod:美国苹果公司的一款音乐播放器,除了可以播放MP3音乐外,iPod还可以作为高速移动硬盘使用,可以显示联系人,日历和任务,以及阅读电子书和聆听有声电子书以及播客(Podcasts).
3.be wrapped up in…注意力完全集中于……
4.bear in mind记住
5.in respect of关于,就……而言
练习:
1. According to a recent study, what is probably true about the multitasking Generation M
A)They are highly commended for being so effective and efficient.
B)They waste more time than they should save,contrary to common assumptions.
C)They should prioritize and focus on the most important tasks on hand.
D)They need to improve their organizational skills so as to complete all their tasks.
2.With the advent of new gadgets,what will happen to Generation M's present e-devices
A)They make way for the latest and greatest and are retired by the young people.
B)They are put away temporarily but stay in rotation for their owners to choose from.
C)They become part of the ever increasing collection of novelties.
D)They are either sold or traded so that their owners can update their toys and hobbies.
3.How will multitasking affect Generation M adversely
A)It makes them feel lonely and pitiful.
B)It makes them aloof and elusive to family and friends.
C)It makes them selfish and possessive.
D)It makes them impolite and ungrateful.
4.What is the biggest problem for multitasking undergraduates in universities
A)They should adjust their academic attitudes seriously.
B)They should seek psychological professionals for assistance.
C)They should take some crash courses to catch up with their classmates.
D)They should try harder to focus on one task before moving on to the next.
5.In dealing with today's youth. what approach should parents take
A) Be supportive and understanding.
B) Be realistic and lower their expectations
C) Be encouraging and let their children stick to their old habits.
D) Be patient and hope everything will work out just fine eventually.
答案与题解:
1.B 从第一段第一句话中的"a considerable amount of their time""fruitless efforts"以及该段最后一句话中的"frittering away as much as…"可以进行同义替换,waste就是fruitless和fritter的同义词.
2.C从第二段的最后一句话中的"added to the list rather than replacing"可以判断出,这些年轻人的电子设备是越来越多,而不是A被取而代之,B被轮流使用,D被出售或交换以便买更新的产品.
3.B 答案A是文字游戏,原文中"isolated worlds"应该理解为孤立的世界,即独自"alone",而不是孤独"lonely".答案C说他们变得自私和占有欲强,想买更多电子产品,显然不对.答案D说他们变得不懂礼貌和不知感恩,均是对第三段最后一句话中的"no longer greet"和"nor can they eat at the family table"的字面理解.答案B是两个近义词,重点在性格变化上,变得"若即若离,难以捉摸".
4.D 答案A认为是态度问题,把客观问题主观化.答案B是误导选项,试图用"remedial help"误导大家联想到remedy一词,故引出psychological professional的曲解.答案C把第五段第一句中的"later development"和"decline in the quality of..."表象化,认为应该抓紧赶上同学(catch up).答案D才是正确答案,问题症结在于multitasking难以让人集中注意力,造成浪费时间,影响表现等后果,这些前文均已提过.
5.A答案A把praise替换成了相对隐性的近义词.答案B只针对最后一段的第一句话,断章取义.答案C前半部分encouraging还算接近正确答案,后半部分则成了鼓励"将错就错".答案D认为应采取"听之任之,顺其自然"的态度转
第四十七篇
Spoilt for Choice
Choice,we are given to1 believe,is a right. In daily life,people have come to expect endless situations about which they are required to make decisions one way or another. In the main2,these
are just irksome moments at work which demand some extra energy or brainpower,or during lunch breaks like choosing which type of coffee to order or indeed which coffee shop to go to. But sometimes selecting one option as opposed to another can have serious or lifelong repercussions. More complex decision-making is then either avoided,postponed,or put into the hands of the army of professionals,lifestyle coaches,lawyers,advisors,and the like,waiting to lighten the emotional burden for a fee2.But for a good many4 people in the world,in rich and poor countries,choice is a luxury,not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices,the whole system is merely an illusion,created by companies and advertisers wanting to sell their wares5.
The main impact of endless choice in people's lives is anxiety. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of consumer goods induces a sense of powerlessness,even paralysis,in many people,ending in the shopper giving up and walking away6,or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted in order to solve the problem and reduce the unease. Recent surveys in the United Kingdom have shown that a sizeable proportion of electrical goods bought per household are not really needed. The advertisers and the shareholders of the manufacturers are,nonetheless,satisfied.
It is not just their availability that is the problem, but the speed with which new versions of products come on the market. Advances in design and production mean that new items are almost ready by the time that goods hit the shelves7.Products also need to have a short 1ifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The classic example is computers, which are almost obsolete once they are bought. At first,there were only one or two available from a limited number of manufacturers,but now there are many companies all with not only their own products but different versions of the same machine. This makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing8:no choice,no anxiety.
The plethora of choice is not limited to consumer items. With the greater mobility of people around the world,people have more choice about where they want to 1ive and work-a fairly recent phenomenon. In the past,nations migrated across huge swathes of the earth in search of food,adventure,and more hospitable environments. Whole nations crossed continents and changed the face of history. So the mobility of people is nothing new. The creation of nation states and borders9 effectively slowed this process down. But what is different now is the speed at which migration is happening.
词汇:
spoil vt.使某人扫兴 unease n.焦虑,不安
irksome adj.令人心烦的 sizeable adj.相当大的,颇大的
brainpower n.智能 proportion n.部分,比例
option n.选择 shareholder n.股东
repercussions n.(常指意料之外的)影响,后果 manufacturer n.制造商,厂家
complex adj.复杂的 nonetheless adv.然而,不过
postpone vt.&vi.延迟,延缓 availability n.可获得性,可使用性
professional n.专业人士adj内行的
version n.版本
coach n.教练员,指导 obsolete adj.过时的,被淘汰的
luxury n.难得的享受 plethora n.过多,过剩
illusion n.幻觉,想象 phenomenon n.现象
ware n.商品,货物 migrate vi.迁徙
jmpact n.影响 swathe n.大片土地
anxiety n.焦虑,不安 hospitable 有利的,适宜的
consumer n.消费者 skip v.跳过
induce vt.引起,导致 obese adj.肥胖的
paralysis n.麻痹 metabolic adi.新陈代谢的
unsuitable adj.不恰当的,不适适宜的 psychiatric adj.精神病的
abnormal adj.异常的
注释:
1.be given to:倾向于
2.in the main:大体上,基本上
3. More complex decision-making is then either avoided,postponed,or put into the hands of the army of professionals,lifestyle coaches,lawyers,advisors,and the like,waiting to lighten the emotional burden for a fee.对于情况更复杂的决策,人们或者回避,拖延,或者求助于各式各样的专业人士--生活方式指导人员,律师,咨询师等等,而他们也正等着你付费来缓解心理重负呢.put A in the hands of B由B为A做决策.the like等等,诸如此类的(人或物).
4. a good many:也可说a great many, (用来强调所指数量)非常多的.
5.And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices.the whole system is merely an illusion,created by companies and advertisers wanting to sell their wares.对那些自认为行使选择权的人来说,这整个体制不过是销售商和广告商为了卖货而制造出的一种幻觉而已.exercise one'S right行使权利.
6. Easy access to a wide range of consumer goods induces a sense of powerlessness,even paralysis,in many people,ending in the shopper giving up and walking away.购物更便捷,商品更丰富,但这却让很多人感到不知所措,甚至麻痹,最后只好放弃挑选,一走了之.access to…获得…的渠道.
7.hit the shelves:上架,上市
8.Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing.那种无它可选,轻松购物的日子一去不复返了.此句为倒装句.
9. nation states and borders:国家和疆域.
练习:
1. What is the difference between the decision to shop in a certain supermarket and the decision to drop out of college according to the first paragraph
A)The former is a right while the latter is not.
B)The latter has more impact on life.
C)The former may happen for many times in life.
D)The latter requires a fee.
2.When people can not easily decide what to buy,what is the least possible choice
A)Give up.
B)Walk away.
C) Buy an unsuitable item.
D) Seek advice.
3. Why do products have short lifespan nowadays
A)They are more often replaced with better ones.
B)They have worse quality.
C)They have too many versions.
D) Computer technology advances too fast.
4.How does migration differ from the past
A)People now migrate across the whole earth.
B)People now migrate for better life.
C)People now have more choice about where to migrate.
D)People now migrate for better environment.
5. Which is the best summary of the writer's attitude towards choice in a commercial society
A) More choice,more anxiety.
B)Better more choice than no choice.
C)Better no choice than more choice.
D) All choice is not easy.
答案与题解:
1. B根据文章第一句话,这两种选择都是权利,所以A不对,选项C本身没错但文中丝毫未提及,选项D有可能发生,但不是绝对的.选项B符合But sometimes selecting one option as opposed to another can have serious or lifelong repercussions的意思.
2. D第二段第三句提到了A,B,C三个选项,只有D没提到,这正是本题答案.
3. A第三段都是在讲商家为了销售更多的商品,不断推出新产品,老百姓不知不觉更换地更勤,所以一个商品的使用寿命就更短了.
4. C其它三个选项都不是新的特点,最后一段第三句话都有涉及.
5. A整篇文章都是在论述现代商品社会人们虽然选择更多了,但焦虑感也多了.其它三个选项文中都有提及,但不能代表作者整体的态度
完型填空新增文章(共3篇)
第五篇
Why People Use Pseudonyms
You can't choose the name you are given at birth.but in many countries you can change it legally when you reach adulthood.Of course, most people never change their names 1
they feel unhappy about them.However, some people do 2 this course of action-particularly artists! What makes an artist want to change their name Sometimes it's for purely 3 reasons, such as the Nobel Prize winning poet from Chile,Neflali Reyes.He didn't want his father to 4 he was writing poetry, so he changed his name to Pablo Neruda when he was a young man. 5 other times the reason may appear eccentric;take the case of the Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa, 6 wrote under 75 different names.The reason "When I use a different name,I always write in a different way,"he explained.In most cases, 7 ,the reason is for social,historical,political,or cultural reasons.Here are some of the most 8 :
The person's real name is just 9 long and difficult to remember.Let's be honest, Madonna Louise Ciccone is not as 10 to remember as just plain "Madonna".And short names are much easier to remember:William Bradley became Brad Pitt and Edson Arantes do Nascimento became Pele.
Sometimes names are changed for marketing 11 .For example,if a name sounds too"foreign",it may be changed to something that is more recognizable in a 12 .So in the film world,Ramon Estevez adopted the name Martin Sheen.Or maybe the artist's real name doesn't sound very attractive-Chad Everett does 13 a lot better than Raymond Cramton.
Artists sometimes 14 the name of someone they admire.Robert Zimmerman changed his name to Boo Dylan because of his admiration for the Welsh poet,Dylan Thomas.
Another reason may be practicality:in the past,women found it very difficult to get published.To 15 this situation they sometimes gave themselves men's names,so the English author Mary Ann Evans became George Eliot,and she did get her books published!
词汇:
pseudonym n.假名,笔名 recognizable adj.可辨认的,可识别的
legally ad.法律上,合法地
eccentric adj.古怪的,反常的 attractive adj.有吸引力的,引人注目的
Portuguese adj.葡萄牙的,葡萄牙人的,葡萄牙语的
adopt v.采取,采纳
plain adj.清楚的,明白的 admire v.赞赏,钦佩
marketing n.推销,营销
注释:
Nobel Prize:诺贝尔奖
练习:
1.A)as if B)as C)even if D)even
2.A)take B)make C)do D)have
3.A)private B)individual C)own D)personal
4.A)understand B)know C)recognize D)observe
5.A)At B)On C)In D)During
6.A)whom B)which C)who D)that
7.A)but B)although C)though D)however
8.A)popular B)common C)ordinary D)average
9.A)so B)too C)very D)much
10.A)easy B)short C)simple D)brief
11.A)aims B)ends C)goals D)purposes
12.A)market B)film C)country D)business.
13.A)look B)sound C)appear D)seem
14.A)choose B)give C)change D)get
15.A)admit B)assure C)avoid D)affect
答案与题解:
1.C 本句前半句提到"大多数人不会改名字",因此可以判断是选有让步转折意义的"even if,,其他的选项都没有这个意思,尤其要注意even是副词,不可以这样用于句首引出从句.
2.A本句的意思是想说"有些人,尤其是艺术家们,会更改名字".不过,本句没有直接说change their names而是说采取行动,那么只能用take与action进行搭配,其他动词都不合适.
3.D根据后面such as后所举的例子知道,某些人改名字完全出于个人的原因,故选择personal.private是指与公众无关的,私隐的;individual是与集体对立而言,个体的;而own则必须放在物主代词的后面一起来表达属于某人的.
4.B 本句是想说他改名字是为了不让父亲了解到他在写诗这件事,因此选know.understand是理解的意思,recognize是认出,observe是察觉,观察到的意思.
5.A本句里的times是时机,场合的意思,at other times是表示"其他的情况",还有其他的固定搭配也是用at这个介词,如at all times,at the best of times等等,其他介词无此搭配.
6.C 本句是举葡萄牙人的例子来说明某些人更改名字的理由很奇怪,后半句是想说此人用过75个不同的名字.对本句结构做出分析后,应该是非限定性定语从句对此诗人做出补充解释,故用who.that不能用于非限定性定语从句,which则不能表示人,只能表示物,whom是用来做宾格形式只能作宾语不能作主语.
7.D 如果注意到了此空前后的逗号的话就应该知道需要填一个副词来表示转折了,四个选项中只有however是副词,所以其他的选项都不对.
8.B 前一句刚说到大家改名字有社会,历史,政治,文化等方面的原因,通过下面几段里所给出的例子可以知道本句是想说"下面是几种常见的原因",所以选common用于指常常发生的情况,而popular是指大家都喜欢的,ordinary和average则都是指没什么特别的.
9.B 根据后文,本句是想说某些人的名字太长,太难不好记住,是一个too…to…的结构,表达"太……而不能……"的意思.
10.A根据上下文知道,本句是想说简单明了的Madonna更容易记住.从本句中的plain一词可以断定不是想说长短,所以short和brief都不对,而simple则是与复杂相对立的,因此选用easy一词与前句的difficult来对应,后一句话中的easier to remember也可以帮助我们选择easy.
11.D 此题四个选项都能表示目的,但各有不同,aim是偏重于想要取得的目标;end往往表示最终目的,而且常常用于指与手段相对应的目的;goal则更多的是指个人或者某群体决心要达到的目标,通常指一般的趋势或方向而没有最终的具体目标;而purpose则主要是指所向往的结果,是行为,行动的缘由.
12.A 根据前一句中的marketing purposes一词可以判断此句是想说把名字改成在市场上更好识记的,因此选market,而不是在某个国家,某部电影或者是某笔生意里更容易辨识.
13.B 根据前半句里的doesn't sound可以判断此处应该选用sound来表示听上去怎样,其他三个选项里的词意上不恰当.
14.A 从后面一句可以推断此句是想说艺术家有时候根据自己所欣赏的人的名字给自己
取笔名或艺名.如果用give一词的话则必须有themselves来作间接宾语,不然就不是给他们自己取名字了.也不能用change,但如果是change into的话还可以表示把名字改成别的名字,而get则是"获得","得到"的意思,所以只能用choose来表示"选用"的意思了.
15.C 本句是想说为了不让作品得不到出版的情况出现而取个男子的名字,因此选avoid.
admit是承认的意思,assure是确认的意思,affect则是影响的意思
第十二篇
Sport or Spectacle
Muhammad Ali1 is probably the most famous sports figure on earth:he is recognized on every continent and by all generations.The diagnosis of his illness 1 Parkinson's disease2 after his retirement fuelled the debate about the dangers of boxing and criticism 2 the sport.That,plus his outspoken opposition 3 women's boxing,made people wonder how he would react when one of his daughters decided to take 4 the sport.His presence at Laila's first professional fight, 5 ,seemed to broadcast her father's support.Of course Muhammad Ali wanted to watch his daughter fight.The ring announcer introduced him as the "the greatest" and as he sat down at the ringside the crowd chanted.
Twenty-one-year-old Laila's debut fight was a huge success and there was as much publicity for the fight 6 her father's fights once attracted. 7 ,Laila's opponent was much weaker than she was and the fight lasted just 31 seconds.Since then,Laila has won most of her fights by knocking out3 her opponent."She knows 8 she's doing,all right,"said one referee about her."She knows about moving well.You can see some of her dad's moves."
Laila Ali4 would rather not compare herself 9 her father.She prefers to make her own 10 .Her father supports her decision to enter the sport but he has not spared her the details of what can happen.Laila realizes that her father wants her to understand the 11 possible scenario to see 12 she still wants to go forward with it.She knows she's going to get hit hard at times,that she may get a broken nose or a swollen face,but at least she is prepared for it.
Laila's decision to start boxing 13 her father's struggle with the symptoms of Parkinson's disease has of course sparked a mixture of debate and 14 .But Laila is a feisty and determined individual and it is that as much as her famous last name that has made her a magnet for worldwide media attention. Of course, the 15 on the boxing scene of a woman with her family history attracts even more questions about whether women's boxing is sport or spectacle.
词汇:
Spectacle n.场面;景象 chant vi.(反复地,有节奏地)欢呼
recognize vt.赏识;认可 debut n.(演员,运动员)首次亮相
continent n.洲,大陆 publicity n.宣传;公众的注意
diagnosis n.(医学)诊断法 attract vt.吸引;引起注意
retirement n.退役;退休 opponent n.对手;敌手
fuel vt.激起,加强,刺激 referee n.裁判员
debate n.辩论;讨论, compare vt.比较;对照
criticism n.批评;批判;指责' spare vt.省去,免除
outspoken adj 直言的 scenario n.事态;局面
opposition n.反对 swollen adj.肿起的;浮肿的
react vi.做出反应;回应 symptom n.症状
presence n.出席;到场 spark vt.导致,激起
broadcast vt.传播(消息等) feisty adj.个性强而好争辩的
ring n.拳击台 magnet ]n.有吸引力的人
注释:
1. Muhammad Ali:穆罕默德·阿里,世界上最伟大的拳击运动员之一.1999年,他被《体育画报》杂志评为本世纪最佳运动员.退出拳坛后,阿里一直致力于宗教,慈善事业和维护世界和平的工作,受到许多国家上至总统下至普通百姓的拥戴.然而,职业拳击生涯中他头部受到的29000多次的重击,使阿里一直饱受帕金森综合症的困扰.
2.Parkinson's disease:帕金森综合症,又称震颤麻痹,是一种中枢神经系统变性疾病,临床表现有癫痫,偏瘫,头痛,共济失调,眼球运动障碍,言语不清,体位性低血压,痴呆等.随着病情的发展,穿衣,洗脸,刷牙等日常生活活动都出现困难.
3. knock out: (拳击术语)一拳击倒
4.Laila Ali:莱拉·阿里,拳王阿里与他第三任妻子的女儿,1999年9月进入女子职业拳坛,并很快取得了较好的成绩.她曾说:"我不想拿自己和父亲作比较,我们是完全不同的.但有一点,作为他的女儿,我自然会有一些独特的拳击技术,这是别人不可能具备的.在现阶段,我认为自己棒极了!"一些商家看中了这对拳坛父女的商业价值,最近,一家运动品牌就利用电脑技术,让阿里父女在拳台上同场竞技.在这样的比赛中,我们看到的,并不是胜负,而是一种生命力的延续.
练习:
1. A)with B)for C)as D)by
2. A)of B)on C)for D)at
3. A)on B)to C)with D)at
4. A)after B)over C)along D)up
5. A)therefore B)however C)accordingly D)whereas
6. A)as B)like C)for D)to
7. A)Luckily B)Similally C)Undoubtedly D)Unfortunately
8. A)that B)what C)how D)why
9. A)as B)like C)to D)against
10. A)fight B)name C)success D)image
11. A)better B)best C)worse D)worst
12. A)if B)that C)what D)how
13. A)in spite B)spite C)despite D)despite of
14. A)argument B)criticism C)quarrel D)bickering
15. A)arrival B)birth C)departure D)attention
答案与题解:
1. diagnosis of …as 把某种疾病诊断为……,类似的短语有 regard…as,consider...as和think of …as等.
2. A此题是对语法的考查,criticize由动词变为名词criticism,其逻辑上的宾语应由介词of引导.
3.B考查介词短语搭配,be opposed to 和opposition to, 固定搭配.
4.D take up 是从事某种职业,take after 是与某人长得相像,take over 是接手,take along是随身携带.
5.B根据上下文判断,前面讲拳王阿里反对女子从事拳击运动(his outspoken opposition to women's boxing),随后又讲他亲自出席女儿的首场比赛,明显对比,故应选however.
6. A as much…as属于固定搭配.
7. D 首场比赛,备受媒体关注,不料比赛仅持续了31秒,难免令人失望,故应选unfortunately,因观众难以目睹拳王女儿的风采.
8. B she knows what she's doing,此句型口语中较为常见,如某人说I know what I'm doing或I know what I'm talking about,则表示说话者本人对自己的言行很有信心.
9. C 对介词短语compare A to B或compare A with B 的考查.前者有比作,比拟的意思,后者表示把A和B作比较的意思.
10. B make one's own name 表示成功,成名的意思.其他表示成功的短语还有make it,口语中更常见.答案C make one's own success有中式英语Chinglish之嫌.
11. D 考查上下文,下文中"a broken nose or a swollen face"暗示拳击运动员受伤病困扰的苦恼,更不要说拳王本身正受帕金森综合症的折磨.另外,possible一词之前常出现形容词最高级.综合上文两处的解释,worst是最佳答案.
12. A 拳王表明拳击运动可能会造成严重的后果,意欲让女儿自己决定"是否"继续从事这项危险的运动.
13. C 此题考查易混淆短语in spite of 和介词despite,多一个of或少一个of,都不对.
14. B 对上下文的考查,文中第一段就有"fuelled the debate about the dangers of boxing and CRITICISM of the sport".
15. A 对上下文的考查,文中多次提及拳王女儿是初登拳坛,如第一段中"His presence at Laila's FIRST professional fight",如第二段中的"Twenty-one-year-old Laila's DEBUT fight",都是暗示莱拉"出现"在拳坛,故arrival最合适.答案B的搭配应该是the birth of,而不是介词on.答案C的departure是离开拳坛.答案D的attention首先介词搭配应该是to,其次意思也不是甚为贴切
第十五篇
Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years
A hundred years ago,life expectancy in developed countries was about 47;in the early 21st century,men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74,women to about 80,and these 1 are rising all the time.What has brought 2 these changes When we look at the life 3 of people 1 00 years ago,we need to look at the greatest 4 of the time.In the early 20th century,these were the acute and often5 infectious diseases such as smallpox.Many children died very young from these diseases and others,and the weak and elderly were always at risk.
In the 6 world these diseases are far 7 today,and in some cases have almost disappeared.A number of 8 have led to this:improvements in sanitation and hygiene.the discovery and use of antibiotics,which 9 bacterial diseases much less dangerous,and vaccinations 10 common diseases. 11 ,people's general health has improved with improvements in our general environment:cleaner air, better means of preserving food,better and warmer housing,and better understanding of nutrition.
Genetically, we should all be able to live to about 85 but 12 people do live longer today,there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age.The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses,such as heart disease and strokes,and those 13 by viruses,such as influenza and AIDS1.Of course,cancer is a huge killer as well.In most cases these diseases affect 14 people,but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity 15 more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.
The killers today can be classed as"lifestyle diseases", which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.
词汇:
expectancy n.预期 preserve vt.保藏,防止(食物) 腐烂
acute adj.(疾病)急性的
infectious adj.传染性的 nutrition n.营养
smallpox n.天花 chronic adj.(疾病)慢性的
sanitation n.环境卫生 stroke n.中风
hygiene n.个人卫生 virus n.病毒
antibiotic n.抗生素 influenza n.流行性感冒
bacterial adj细菌性的 trend n.趋势,倾向
vaccination n.种痘,接种 obesity n肥胖
diabetes n.糖尿病 halt vt.使…停止
注释:
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS):艾滋病,后天性免疫缺乏综合症
练习:
1. A)ages B)years C)lives D)countries
2. A)in B)about C)to D)with
3. A)length B)time C)duration D)span
4. A)people B)killers C)invention D)nation
5. A)more B)less C)high D)highly
6. A)developed B)less developed C)undeveloped D)developing
7. A)more deadly B)deadly C)less deadly D)fatal
8. A)improvements B)factors C)jobs D)measures
9. A)makes B)causes C)make D)cause
10.A)against B)for C)to D)from
11.A)And B)Therefore C)In addition D)Nevertheless
12.A)when B)yet C)however D)while
13.A)spread B)affected C)produced D)created
14.A)poor B)weak C)older D)young
15.A)and B)leading to C)from D)with
答案与题解:
1. A 通过上下文可知此处应为"年龄".
2. B bring about意思是"带来",bring in意为赚取,实现(一定利润),没有bring to这个短语,如果用with,此句话必须变成what has it brought with these changes才符合语法,但意思就不符合文章了.
3. D life span是一个固定搭配,意为寿命.
4. B 从下一句可以看出此处应指那些不治之症.
5. D 本句举了天花的例子,下一句指出很多孩子死于这些病,所以此处应为一个表严重的词.high是形容词,不能修饰后面的形容词.acute不是比较级,所以and后面也不应用比较级.
6. A 本句后部分说在一些国家这些病已经消失,通过常识得知应该是发达国家.
7. C 本句后部分说在一些国家这些病已经消失,整段都在说明情况好转,故选C.
8. B 冒号后面列举的内容不能统一用其他几个词概括,只能用factor.
9. C注意这里的which不是非限制定语从句中指代前面一句话的作用,而是指代前面两项内容:卫生的改善和抗生素的发明使用,所以which后的动词不用三单形式.cause没有这样的语法搭配.
10. A 该选项为固定搭配,意为对某种疾病的预防接种.
11. C 前面说的是对疾病的防范和控制加强,后面说的是整体环境的改善,两者为并列关系,但是And在书面语中不能这样使用,所以只能选in addition.
12. D整句话的意思是:从基因角度看,人都能活到85岁,但是虽然现在人们寿命
确实比以前长了,仍然有一些疾病使得我们不能都活到那个岁数.所以此处应该填一个转折副词.
13. A those指代流感和艾滋病等靠病毒传播的疾病,those后面的动词是过去分词作定语.spread的过去分词与原形相同.
14. C 本句最后指出一些病越来越年轻化,所以此处应选择younger的反义词.
15. B obesity是心脏病和糖尿病年轻化的重要原因,它和心脏病,糖尿病不是并列关系,而是因果关系,所以选择leading to,现在分词作结果状语