牛津9A Unit3 Teenage problems 课文解析学习指导4
重点难点
31.One major cause of stress is homework.压力的一个主要原因是作业.
major用作形容词,通常作定语:意为"主要的""较重要的"如:
① We have encountered major problems.我们遇到大问题了.
②She has written a major novel.她写了一部高质量的小说.
③The major part of the work is done.这项工作的大部已经完成了.
major作名词用,意思是"主修课程".如:
her major is French.她的主修课程是法语.
She chose physics as her major.她选择物理为主修科目.
major作动词用,意思是"主修,专门研究".如:
She majored in maths and English.她在大学主修英语和数学.
What subject do you major in at university?你在大学主修什么?
She is majoring physics at university.她在大学主修物理.
32.Cause一词的用法.
cause作"原因,起因"解释时,是可数名词,它后面通常接of短语.如:
① What was the cause of the fire ?火灾是怎么引起的?
②smoking is the causes of the heart disease.吸烟是引起心脏病的一种原因.
③Ice on the road was the cause of the accident.路上的结冰是造成那次事故的原因.
cause作"理由,缘故"解释时,是不可数名词,与reason同义,后面通常接介词"for 或to do "的短语形式.
You have no cause to complain.你没有理由报怨.
She is never absent from work without good cause.她决不无故缺勤.
cause 作及物动词时,意为"使产生、引起".如:
Smoking can cause lung cancer.吸烟可致肺癌.
The cold weather caused the plants to die.天气寒冷冻死了植物.
He caused his parents much unhappiness.他弄得父母很不愉快.
She is always causing trouble for people她总是给人添麻烦.
His illness caused him to miss the game.他因病不能参加比赛.
reason 意为"理由"、"原因",指导决定做某一件事或采取某一行动的理由,由此而得出结论或解释;它着重指符合逻辑的解释和推理,后面常常接for引导的介词短语.如:
The reason for my absence was that I was ill.我没来是因为我生病了.
The reason why we are late is that our car did not come.我们迟到的原因是车没来.
Can you tell me the reason for your being late?你能告诉我你迟到的原因吗?
excuse 意为"辩解""借口",指为某一行为所作的解释,可以是真的,也可以是托词,着重指为免受指责和失掉责任而寻找的理由.如:
I won﹐t listen to your any excuse.我不想听你的任何借口
Too much work is no excuse for not studying.工作太忙不能成为不学习的理由.
He gave me his excuse for being late.他向我说明他迟到的原因.
cause后面通常接名词作宾语,也可以接动词不定式.Make若与动词连用,其意义和用法与cause相近.但make在日常会话中用得较广,它与不带to的动词不定式连用.常常与不带"to"的不定式连用.如:

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